叶面喷施铁基纳米材料对大豆生长的影响及机制研究

马扬旸; 张辰弛; 曹雪松; 王震宇

文章摘要

叶面喷施铁基纳米材料对大豆生长的影响及机制研究

Mechanistic study on the effect of foliar-applied, iron-based nanomaterials on the growth of soybean

Received:December 15, 2020

DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2020.0748

中文关键词: 铁基纳米材料，Fe-EDTA，光合作用，蔗糖转运，养分吸收，大豆

英文关键词: iron-based nanomaterials, Fe-EDTA, photosynthesis, sucrose transport, nutrient uptake, soybean

基金项目:国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目（41820104009）；国家自然科学基金青年科学基金（42007299）；中国博士后科学基金（2020M671338）；江苏省博士后基金（2020Z402）

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
MA Yangyang	Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
ZHANG Chenchi	Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
CAO Xuesong	Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
WANG Zhenyu	Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China	wang0628@jiangnan.edu.cn

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中文摘要:

为探究叶面喷施铁基纳米材料（NMs）对作物生长的影响及其潜在机制，利用水培试验探究了两种铁基NMs（γ-Fe₂O₃ NMs和Fe₃O₄ NMs）和Fe-EDTA对大豆生长的影响。先通过叶面喷施不同浓度（0、1、10、50 mg·L^-1）的铁基NMs，确定最佳施用浓度（10 mg·L^-1），再在最佳施用浓度下，比较两种NMs与Fe-EDTA对大豆生长和蔗糖转运的作用效果及机制。结果表明，叶面喷施不同浓度铁基NMs对大豆地上部和地下部干质量、根长、根尖数、根体积均有促进作用，且效果随着浓度的升高呈现先增加后降低的趋势。10 mg·L^-1为铁基NMs促进大豆生长的最佳浓度，且不同处理组的促生效果表现为γ-Fe₂O₃ NMs>Fe₃O₄ NMs>螯合铁肥（相同含铁量的Fe-EDTA）。铁基NMs的缓释性及高表面活性使其比Fe-EDTA具有更高的生物可利用性，γ-Fe₂O₃ NMs处理的大豆根、茎、叶中铁含量是等量Fe-EDTA处理的1.29、1.09、1.24倍；10 mg·L^-1 γ-Fe₂O₃ NMs、Fe₃O₄ NMs、Fe-EDTA处理下，大豆净光合速率与对照组相比分别增加了62.7%、41.5%、30.7%，铁基NMs对大豆叶片蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间二氧化碳浓度的促进效果也明显高于Fe-EDTA；铁基NMs通过调控蔗糖转运相关基因（GmSWEET 15、GmSUT 2）的表达量，促进光合产物向根部的运输，增加大豆根冠比，促进根部养分（S、P、Ca、Mn、Cu）吸收。研究表明，叶面喷施纳米铁肥能够促进作物生长、蔗糖转运及养分吸收，且相对于传统铁肥其促进效果更为显著（P < 0.05），这为铁基纳米肥在农业生产中的应用提供了理论依据。

英文摘要:

: In order to elucidate the effect of iron-based nanomaterials(NMs)on soybean growth and its related mechanisms, different concentrations(0, 1, 10 mg·L^-1, and 50 mg·L^-1)of γ - Fe₂O₃ NMs and Fe₃O₄ NMs were sprayed on the leaf of soybean cultured in hydroponic conditions. During the experiments, Fe-EDTA(10 mg·L^-1)was used as control to compare the performance and related mechanisms of the soybean growth promotion by nanofertilizer and conventional fertilizers. Foliar-applied, iron-based NMs enhanced the shoot and root biomass, root length, root tips numbers, and root bulk of soybean. The biomass increased initially and decreased afterwards with the increase in iron-based NM concentration. All the treatments at 10 mg·L^-1 exhibited the best performance for soybean growth in the order of γ-Fe₂O₃ NMs>Fe₃O₄ NMs>Fe-EDTA. Iron-based NMs exhibited higher bioavailability than Fe-EDTA due to the slow-release feature and high surface activity. The iron content in soybean roots, stems, and leaves after exposure to 10 mg·L^-1 γ-Fe₂O₃ NMs was 1.29-, 1.09-, and 1.24 -fold of that of an equal quantity of iron in Fe-EDTA exposure. The net photosynthetic rate of soybean exposed to 10 mg·L^-1 γ-Fe₂O₃ NMs, Fe₃O₄ NMs, and Fe-EDTA was increased by 62.7%, 41.5%, and 30.7%, respectively, compared with the control. The transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and intracellular CO₂ concentration of soybean leaf exposed to iron-based NMs were all higher than in the Fe-EDTA treatment. Iron-based NMs up-regulated the sucrose transporter related genes(GmSWEET 15, GmSUT 2), increased the transport of photosynthate from leaf to root, and increased the root-shoot ratio, thereby enhancing the uptake of nutrients(S, P, Ca, Mn, and Cu). In conclusion, foliar application of iron-nanofertilizer(γ-Fe₂O₃ NMs)promoted the growth and nutrient uptake of soybean over conventional iron fertilizer. The results of this study provide a foundation for the application of iron-based NMs in promoting the growth of crops.

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