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| 汉江中游流域秸秆还田和优化施肥对稻麦轮作模式氮磷流失的影响 |
| Impact of straw return and optimized fertilization on nitrogen and phosphorus loss in the rice-wheat rotation system in the middle reaches of the Hanjiang River basin |
| Received:June 08, 2024 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0405 |
| 中文关键词: 汉江流域，稻麦轮作，氮磷流失，秸秆还田，优化施肥 |
| 英文关键词: Hanjiang River basin, rice-wheat rotation, nitrogen and phosphorus loss, straw returning, optimized fertilization |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD1700705）；湖北省农业科技创新中心项目（2024-620-000-001-012） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LU Wenlong | School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertility, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Environment Qianjiang Observation Experiment Station, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, Wuhan 430064, China | | | XIA Ying | Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertility, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Environment Qianjiang Observation Experiment Station, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, Wuhan 430064, China | xiayinghappy105@163.com | | HUANG Min | School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China | huangmin@whut.edu.cn | | FAN Xianpeng | Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertility, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Environment Qianjiang Observation Experiment Station, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, Wuhan 430064, China | | | TANG Yongjun | Nanzhang County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Nanzhang 441500, China | | | PU Kejun | Nanzhang County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Nanzhang 441500, China | | | WU Maoqian | Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertility, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Environment Qianjiang Observation Experiment Station, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, Wuhan 430064, China | | | NI Chengfan | Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertility, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Environment Qianjiang Observation Experiment Station, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, Wuhan 430064, China | | | XIE Yuanyuan | Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertility, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Environment Qianjiang Observation Experiment Station, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, Wuhan 430064, China | | | LIU Lan | Hubei Provincial Agricultural Ecological Environment Protection Station, Wuhan 430070, China | | | TAN Yong | Hubei Provincial Agricultural Ecological Environment Protection Station, Wuhan 430070, China | | | YAN Chang | Hubei Provincial Agricultural Ecological Environment Protection Station, Wuhan 430070, China | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨稻麦轮作秸秆还田和优化施肥对地表径流氮磷流失的影响，本研究于2014—2022年在湖北汉江流域开展了连续8年的野外径流小区监测试验。在自然降雨条件下设置秸秆离田+常规施肥对照（CK）、秸秆还田+常规施肥（KF）、秸秆还田配合优化施肥（BMP）3个处理，研究了秸秆还田配合优化施肥措施对地表径流和氮磷养分流失的影响。结果表明，汉江流域稻麦轮作模式氮磷流失风险期为 6—9月，地表径流年均总氮（TN）流失量为 4.28 kg·hm-2，其表观流失率为 0.86%；地表径流年均总磷（TP）流失量为0.22 kg·hm-2，其表观流失率为0.05%。秸秆还田和优化施肥均能降低氮磷流失量，与CK处理相比，KF处理的TN流失量降低8.9%，TP流失量显著下降18.2%（P<0.05），BMP处理的TN、TP流失量均显著降低27.3%（P<0.05）。降雨量是影响氮磷流失的关键因素，在施肥与暴雨的耦合期（6—7月），减量施肥起到了主要作用。大暴雨主要集中在6—8月，这段时间内，47.6%的降雨量贡献了34.0%的TN流失量和85.9%的TP流失量。在施肥与暴雨的耦合期（6—7月）内，相比于常规处理，单独使用秸秆覆盖使TN流失量增加了 4.3%，但 TP 流失量降低了 14.3%。当秸秆覆盖与优化施肥结合使用时，TN 和 TP 流失量分别减少了 19.1% 和24.4%。研究表明，秸秆覆盖和优化施肥在氮磷流失风险期和施肥与暴雨耦合期（6—7月）可以有效减少稻麦轮作模式地表径流氮磷流失。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the effects of straw return and optimized fertilization on nitrogen and phosphorus losses in surface runoff under a rice-wheat rotation system, a field runoff plot monitoring experiment was conducted in the Hanjiang River basin of Hubei from 2014 to 2022. Under natural rainfall conditions, three treatments were set up：straw removal with conventional fertilization as control（CK）, straw return with conventional fertilization（KF）, and straw return combined with optimized fertilization（BMP）. The study focused on the impact of these treatments on surface runoff and the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients.The results showed that the risk period for nitrogen and phosphorus loss in the Hanjiang River basin under the rice-wheat rotation system was from June to September. The average annual total nitrogen（TN）loss in surface runoff was 4.28 kg·hm-2, with an apparent loss rate of 0.86%, while the average annual total phosphorus （TP）loss was 0.22 kg · hm-2, with an apparent loss rate of 0.05%. Both straw return and optimized fertilization reduced nitrogen and phosphorus losses. Compared with the CK treatment, the TN loss in the KF treatment decreased by 8.9%, and the TP loss significantly decreased by 18.2%. The BMP treatment significantly reduced TN loss by 27.3% and TP loss by 27.3%（P<0.05）. Rainfall was the key factor affecting nitrogen and phosphorus losses. During the coupling period of fertilization and heavy rainfall（June to July）, reduced fertilization played a major role. Heavy rainfall mainly occurred from June to August, during which 47.6% of the rainfall contributed to 34.0% of the TN loss and 85.9% of the TP loss. During the coupling period of fertilization and heavy rainfall（June to July）, compared with CK treatment, straw mulching alone increased TN loss by 4.3% but reduced TP loss by 14.3%. When straw mulching was combined with optimized fertilization, TN and TP losses were reduced by 19.1% and 24.4%, respectively. Straw mulching and optimized fertilization effectively reduced nitrogen and phosphorus losses in surface runoff under the rice-wheat rotation system during the risk period for nitrogen and phosphorus loss and the coupling period of fertilization and heavy rainfall（June to July）. |
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