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| 中国农村居民点景观破碎化及其影响因素分析 |
| Landscape fragmentation of rural settlements and its influencing factors in China |
| Received:September 26, 2023 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2023.0610 |
| 中文关键词: 农村居民点，景观破碎化，景观格局指数，地理加权回归模型，影响因素，中国 |
| 英文关键词: rural settlements, landscape fragmentation, landscape pattern index, geographically weighted regression models, spatiotemporal characteristics, China |
| 基金项目: |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | DUAN Binqiao | School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China | | | CHEN Wanxu | School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China | cugcwx@cug.edu.cn | | ZENG Jie | School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 科学揭示农村居民点景观破碎化时空分布特征并分析其影响因素，对开展农村居民点整治工作、实现乡村土地集约利用、科学制定乡村规划、推动乡村振兴与城乡融合具有重要的理论和现实意义。本研究基于2000、2010年和2020年全国土地利用遥感监测数据，构建了农村居民点景观破碎化评价指标体系测度县域尺度农村居民点景观破碎化指数，并借助空间自相关模型和地理加权回归模型揭示其时空分布特征及影响因素。结果表明：2000、2010年和2020年全国县域农村居民点景观破碎化指数平均值分别为0.148 2、0.151 8、0.152 4，农村居民点景观破碎化呈现东高西低的空间格局，表现为“单聚团、多聚点、三群落、一片区”的空间分布特征。2000—2020年农村居民点景观破碎化指数存在显著的正向空间相关性，景观破碎化指数呈聚集分布，研究期间空间相关性逐渐减弱。土地利用程度对农村居民点景观破碎化总体表现为正向影响，坡度、人口密度对农村居民点景观破碎化总体表现为负向影响，年均降水量对农村居民点景观破碎化的影响在空间上异质性显著。在对农村居民点进行布局优化时，应重点关注华北平原南部、长江中下游平原东部的农村居民点布局优化，可从农村居民点总量控制、形状规整、结构紧凑等方面入手，综合考虑该地区的自然条件、经济状况、区位条件，做到因地制宜。研究结果可为我国农村居民点高效开发利用提供决策参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Scientific determination of the characteristics of the spatial and temporal distributions of landscape fragmentation of rural settlements and analysis of its influencing factors are of significant theoretical and practical significance for undertaking remediation of rural settlements, realizing the intensive use of rural land, scientifically formulating rural planning, promoting the revitalisation of the countryside and integration of urban and rural areas. Based on the national land-use remote sensing monitoring data of 2000, 2010 and 2020, this paper constructs a rural fragmentation evaluation index of settlement landscapes of rural settlements at the county scale. This index revealed spatial and temporal distributions and influencing factors with the help of a spatial autocorrelation model and a geographically-weighted regression model, with a view to providing decision-making references for the efficient development and utilisation of rural settlements in China. The results showed：in 2000, 2010, and 2020, the average values of the landscape fragmentation index of rural settlements in counties nationwide were 0.148 2, 0.151 8, and 0.152 4, respectively. Fragmentation of rural settlement landscapes was high in the east and low in the west, which manifests the spatial distribution of "single cluster, multiple clusters, three communities and one area" spatial distributions. There was a significant positive spatial correlation of the landscape fragmentation index of rural settlements from 2000 to 2020, and the fragmentation index was distributed as an aggregation, and the spatial correlation gradually weakened during the study period. Land-use intensity exerted a positive influence on landscape fragmentation of rural settlements; slope and population density have a negative influence on the fragmentation of rural settlements. The influence of average annual precipitation on landscape fragmentation of rural settlements was significantly spatially heterogeneous. When optimizing the distribution of rural residential areas, we should focus on the southern part of the North China Plain and the eastern part of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River plain. The total number of rural settlements should be controlled, their shape regularised and their structure compacted, taking into account natural conditions, the economic status and the location of the area, to adapt to local conditions. |
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