川西低山丘陵区不同品种植茶土壤团聚体有机碳及养分特征

付泓宇; 杨俣; 杨佳; 张锡洲; 李廷轩

文章摘要

川西低山丘陵区不同品种植茶土壤团聚体有机碳及养分特征

Organic carbon and nutrient characteristics in soil aggregates from different tea varieties in the low mountains and hilly areas of western Sichuan

Received:September 23, 2023

DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2023.0605

中文关键词: 茶树，水稳性团聚体，粒径，稳定性，全量养分，速效养分

英文关键词: Camellia sinensis, water stable aggregate, particle size, stability, total nutrient, available nutrient

基金项目:四川农业大学学科建设双支计划特色创新团队项目（T202103）

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
FU Hongyu	College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
YANG Yu	College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
YANG Jia	College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
ZHANG Xizhou	College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China	zhangxzhou@163.com
LI Tingxuan	College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China

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中文摘要:

为探究不同品种植茶土壤团聚体组成及其有机碳和养分分布特征，以川西低山丘陵区福鼎大白、川茶3号、川沐217和川农黄芽早4个典型品种植茶土壤为研究对象，采集0~20 cm土层原状土，通过湿筛法将土样分为≥5、2~<5、1~<2、0.5~<1、0.25~<0.5mm和<0.25 mm粒径团聚体，对土壤团聚体组成及其有机碳和养分分布特征进行研究。结果表明：不同品种植茶土壤均以≥5 mm粒径团聚体为主，2~<5 mm粒径次之，0.5~<1 mm粒径最少，平均占比分别为33.07%、14.99%和10.63%。除<0.25 mm粒径团聚体外，土壤团聚体有机碳和全氮含量随粒径的减小而降低，≥5 mm粒径团聚体占比分别为18.36%~21.84％和17.90%~18.85%。碱解氮含量随着粒径的减小先增加后降低，有效磷含量随粒径的减小逐渐增加，而全磷、全钾和速效钾则在各粒径团聚体中分布均匀。不同品种植茶土壤≥5 mm粒径团聚体的有机碳和各养分储量最高，占比分别为30.51%~46.52%和25.59%~41.96%。在不同品种植茶土壤中，除速效钾外，种植福鼎大白土壤各粒径团聚体平均质量直径（MWD）、有机碳、全氮和碱解氮含量较高，而川茶3号土壤MWD、有机碳、全量养分和碱解氮均相对较低，福鼎大白土壤的团聚体结构更稳定。种植福鼎大白土壤≥5 mm粒径团聚体有机碳、全量养分、有效磷、碱解氮储量均较高，川茶3号最低，而川农黄芽早和川茶3号<0.25 mm粒径团聚体有机碳和各养分储量均相对较高。研究表明，长期种植不同品种茶树后，福鼎大白土壤团聚体稳定性强、有机碳含量较高，有利于养分储存，而川茶3号土壤团聚体稳定性、氮磷钾等养分储存能力都较弱，选择福鼎大白等适宜的茶树品种进行替换种植能有效提升土壤肥力。

英文摘要:

In order to better understand the distribution characteristics of organic carbon（OC）and nutrients, and the composition of soil aggregates in different tea varieties, four typical tea planting soils in the low mountains and hilly areas of western Sichuan, including Camellia sinensis ‘Fuding Dabaicha’（FD）, Chuancha No.3（CC3）, Chuanmu No.217（CM217）and Chuannong Huangyazao（CN）, were collected. Samples were taken from the 0-20 cm layer in undisturbed soils, and the soil aggregates were classified into ≥5 mm, 2-<5 mm, 1-<2 mm, 0.5-<1 mm, 0.25-<0.5mm, and <0.25 mm fractions using a wet-sieving procedure. The ≥5 mm aggregates were the dominant fraction, followed by the 2-<5 mm aggregate, whereas the 0.5-<1 mm aggregates were the smallest fraction, with average proportion of 33.07%, 14.99%, and 10.63%, respectively. Except for the <0.25 mm aggregate, the concentrations of OC and total nitrogen（TN） decreased with decreasing aggregate size, reaching a maximum in the ≥5 mm aggregates. The concentrations of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen（AN） first increased and then decreased with decreasing aggregate size. The concentrations of available phosphorus（AP） increased with decreasing aggregates size. There was no significant difference in total phosphorus（TP）, total potassium（TK）, and available potassium（AK）concentrations among the aggregate sizes. Soil aggregate-associated OC and nutrient storages were highest in the ≥5 mm fractions, varying from 30.51%-46.52% and 25.59%-41.96%. The concentrations of OC, TN, AN, and MWD in FD, were higher than those of CC3. Compared with CC3, the aggregate structure of FD soil was more stable. The storages of OC, TN, TP, TK, AP, and AN in the ≥5 mm aggregates of FD soil were higher, and the storages of CC3 were the lowest, whereas the storages of OC and nutrients in the <0.25 mm aggregates of CN and CC3 soils were higher. The results indicate that FD has the strongest soil aggregate stability and the highest soil organic carbon content, which is beneficial for nutrient storage. However, CC3 had weaker soil aggregate stability and nutrient storage capacity, such as N, P, and K. In order to improve soil fertility more effectively, suitable tea varieties such as FD should be selected for replacement planting.

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