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| 中国化肥减量增效行动与技术研究 |
| Research on action and technology for reducing fertilizer usage and enhancing efficiency in China |
| Received:October 30, 2023 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2023.0676 |
| 中文关键词: 化肥，氮肥利用率，减量增效，有机肥替代，施肥强度 |
| 英文关键词: chemical fertilizer, nitrogen utilization efficiency, fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement, organic fertilizer substitution, application intensity |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFC3201503）；宁夏重点研发计划项目（2023BCF01049）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（BSRF202306） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LI Na | Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China | | | TIAN Yunlong | Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China | | | ZHANG Lei | Beijing Cultivated Land Construction and Protection Center, Beijing 100001, China | | | WANG Shengtao | Beijing Cultivated Land Construction and Protection Center, Beijing 100001, China | | | ZHU Changxiong | Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China | | | LI Hongna | Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China | lihongna@caas.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 化肥是当代农业的重要生产资料，在农业生产中不可替代，但化肥的不合理施用会对环境造成潜在威胁。本文对我国近年来出台的系列化肥减量增效行动和政策、国家统计年鉴数据和相关的研究进展进行了梳理总结。结果表明：我国的化肥减量增效行动已初具成效，表现为2015—2022年的8年间，化肥用量减少15.7%，而粮食增产3.9%；化肥施用结构趋向合理化，表现为氮肥用量持续减少，复合肥用量持续增加；我国的化肥施用强度也有所下降，2022年化肥施用强度（298.8 kg·hm-2）比2015年减少62.2 kg·hm-2，但施肥强度仍有进一步减量空间；化肥减量、养分利用、元素循环转化等方面的研究有望为提高化肥利用率、推进减量增效行动提供基础科学依据。本文为我国进一步开展科学的化肥减量增效行动提出政策和管理建议，以期为我国的化肥减量增效行动的现状和未来的行动方针提供科学依据和参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Chemical fertilizer, an important production material in modern agriculture, is irreplaceable in agricultural production. However, the improper use of fertilizers can pose potential threats to the environment. Our present study provides a summary and analysis of China's action plans and policies issued recently regarding fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement, as well as data from the China Statistical Yearbook and relevant research progress. The results indicate the following：China's efforts to reduce fertilizer use and improve efficiency have achieved initial success. Over a period of eight years, from 2015 to 2022, fertilizer consumption has decreased by 15.7%, while grain production increased by 3.9%. The structure of fertilizer application is becoming more rational. Nitrogen fertilizer use has continued to decline, while compound fertilizer use has increased. The intensity of fertilizer application in China has also decreased. In 2022, the fertilizer application intensity was 298.8 kg·hm-2, revealing a decrease of 62.2 kg·hm-2 compared with that in 2015. However, the current fertilizer application intensity in China requires further efforts in fertilizer reduction. Research on fertilizer reduction, nutrient utilization, and element cycling is expected to provide a scientific basis for improving fertilizer efficiency and promoting reduction efforts. Based on these findings, this paper presents policy and management recommendations to support China's scientific fertilizer reduction and efficiency actions, and aims to provide a scientific basis and reference for the current status and future direction of fertilizer reduction and efficiency efforts in the country. |
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