不同土地利用方式下土壤盐分季节变化及其与地下水的响应关系

蔡世杰; 白云岗; 张江辉; 郑明; 卢震林; 孙鹏; 赵经华; 杨继革

文章摘要

不同土地利用方式下土壤盐分季节变化及其与地下水的响应关系

Seasonal variation of soil salinity and its response to groundwater under different land use patterns

Received:July 21, 2024

DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0559

中文关键词: 土壤盐渍化，地下水，空间分布，季节变化，土地利用方式

英文关键词: soil salinization, groundwater, spatial distribution, seasonal changes, land use patterns

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1900805）;新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”科技创新领军人才项目（2022TSYCLJ0069）;新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项（2020A01003-4，2023A02012-1）

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
CAI Shijie	College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China Xinjiang Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Urumqi 830049, China
BAI Yungang	Xinjiang Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Urumqi 830049, China	xjbaiyg@sina.com
ZHANG Jianghui	Xinjiang Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Urumqi 830049, China
ZHENG Ming	Xinjiang Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Urumqi 830049, China
LU Zhenlin	Xinjiang Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Urumqi 830049, China
SUN Peng	College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China Xinjiang Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Urumqi 830049, China
ZHAO Jinghua	College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
YANG Jige	Karamay Lvcheng Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Karamay 834000, China

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中文摘要:

克拉玛依农业开发区土壤次生盐渍化不断加剧，为探究灌区土壤盐分与地下水的相关关系，揭示造成灌区土壤次生盐渍化的地下水临界水深，本研究根据2023年实测土壤总盐、盐分离子含量和地下水埋深、矿化度等数据，运用经典统计学、地统计学方法研究灌区土壤盐分与地下水埋深、矿化度的时空变化特征，分析地下水对土壤盐分的影响。结果表明，灌区土壤盐分含量范围在1.828~4.320 g·kg^-1之间，以非盐化土和轻度盐化土为主，耕地土壤盐分含量秋季>春季>夏季，林地土壤盐分含量春季>秋季>夏季；土壤盐分总体表现为春、秋季蒸发积盐，夏季灌溉降盐。灌区土壤盐分阴离子以SO₄^2-、Cl^-为主，阳离子以K⁺+Na⁺为主，土壤以氯化物-硫酸盐土为主。不同土地利用方式下土壤盐分离子随季节变化明显，但规律不明显。春季、夏季、秋季地下水平均埋深分别为3.14、2.67、2.80 m，年平均矿化度为18.25 g·L^-1，地下水埋深与土壤盐分空间分布特征基本一致；土壤盐分与地下水埋深之间呈指数关系，相关系数均在0.622 8以上，与地下水矿化度不存在明显的函数关系，高矿化度的地下水水位抬升是造成灌区土壤次生盐渍化的主要原因。研究表明，灌区地下水埋深大于2.10 m时，可以有效改善土壤次生盐渍化问题。

英文摘要:

The secondary salinization of soil in Karamay Agricultural Development Zone is increasing. In order to explore the correlation between soil salinity and groundwater in the irrigation area and reveal the critical depth of groundwater causing secondary salinization of soil in the irrigation area, this study used classical statistics and geostatistics based on the measured data of total soil salinity, salt ion content and groundwater depth and mineralization in 2023 to study the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of soil salinity and groundwater depth and mineralization in the irrigation area, and analyzed the influence of groundwater on soil salinity. The results showed that the soil salt content in the irrigation area ranged from 1.828 to 4.320 g · kg^-1, mainly non-salinized soil and mildly salinized soil. The soil salt content of cultivated land was autumn > spring > summer, and the soil salt content of forest land was spring > autumn > summer. The overall performance of soil salinity is evaporation salt accumulation in spring and autumn, and irrigation in summer to reduce salt. The soil salt anions in the irrigation area are mainly SO₄^2- and Cl^-, the cations are mainly K⁺+Na⁺, and the soil is mainly chloride-sulfate soil. The soil salt ions under different land use patterns changed significantly with the seasons, but the law was not significant. The average groundwater depths in spring, summer and autumn were 3.14, 2.67 m and 2.80 m, respectively. The annual average mineralization was 18.25 g·L^-1. The spatial distribution characteristics of groundwater depth and soil salinity were basically the same. There is an exponential relationship between soil salinity and groundwater depth, and the correlation coefficient is above 0.622 8. There is no obvious functional relationship between soil salinity and groundwater mineralization. The uplift of groundwater level with high salinity is the main cause of soil secondary salinization in irrigation area. Studies have shown that the regulation of groundwater depth in the irrigation area greater than 2.10 m can effectively improve the problem of secondary salinization of soil.

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