滴灌技术参数对北疆棉田土壤水盐及根系分布和产量的影响

罗幼洋; 杨鹏年; 米力夏提·米那多拉; 许咏梅; 萨仁娜; 谢香文

文章摘要

滴灌技术参数对北疆棉田土壤水盐及根系分布和产量的影响

The impact of drip irrigation technical parameters on soil water，salinity，root distribution，and yield in cotton fields of northern Xinjiang，China

Received:August 29, 2024

DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0682

中文关键词: 滴灌，技术参数，盐渍化棉田，水盐运移，根系

英文关键词: drip irrigation, technical parameter, saline cotton field, water and salt transport, root system

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1900803）;新疆维吾尔自治区2022年度“天池英才”引进计划青年博士项目;新疆农业科学院青年科技骨干创新能力培养项目（xjnkq-2023011）

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
LUO Youyang	College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
YANG Pengnian	College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
MILIXIATI Minadola	Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
XU Yongmei	Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
SA Renna	Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
XIE Xiangwen	College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China	xiexw2022@xaas.ac.cn

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中文摘要:

为明晰滴灌技术参数对棉田土壤水盐及根系分布的影响，减少盐渍化棉田生育期根区盐分胁迫以稳定产量，试验通过设置2个灌水定额（W1：52.5 mm；W2：75 mm），4个滴头流量+间距组合（T1：1.4 L·h^-1+30 cm；T2：2.4 L·h^-1+30 cm；T3：3.0 L·h^-1+30cm；T4：3.0 L·h^-1+20 cm），研究不同滴灌技术参数对棉花根区含水率、电导率、根系生长、盐分淋洗效率及产量的影响。结果表明：同一滴头流量下，与常规灌水定额W1处理相比，淋洗定额W2处理可显著提高根区含水率、脱盐率、盐分淋洗效率及产量，增加根长密度，降低盐分含量。同一灌水定额条件下，T2处理根区含水率、脱盐率、盐分淋洗效率、产量均高于T1、T3、T4处理。W1、W2处理下，T2处理K值（灌水量与盐分变化量之比）比T1、T3、T4分别降低21.91%、35.71%、54.03%和17.48%、32.14%、45.92%；产量比T1、T3、T4分别增加7.34%、10.41%、20.01%和7.71%、14.94%、21.73%。滴头间距减小对根区含水率、电导率、根长密度没有显著影响。通过对棉花盐分淋洗效率、产量进行多元回归分析，综合得出克拉玛依地区盐渍化棉田推荐滴灌技术参数组合为滴头流量2.1 L·h^-1、滴头间距30 cm、灌水定额66.51 mm，总灌水量592.5 m³·hm^-2。

英文摘要:

To clarify the impact of drip irrigation technical parameters on soil moisture, salinity, and root distribution in cotton fields, reducing salinity stress in the root zone during the growth period to stabilize yield. The experiment set up two irrigation quotas（W1：52.5 mm, W2：75 mm）and four combinations of dripper flow rate+spacing（T1：1.4 L·h^-1+30 cm, T2：2.4 L·h^-1+30 cm, T3：3.0 L·h^-1+30 cm, T4：3.0 L·h^-1+20 cm）to study the effects of different drip irrigation parameters on root zone moisture content, electrical conductivity, root growth, salinity leaching efficiency, and yield. Under the same dripper flow rate, compared to the conventional irrigation quota W1, the leaching quota W2 significantly increased root zone moisture content, desalination rate, salinity leaching efficiency, and yield, while increasing root length density and reducing salinity content. Under the same irrigation quota, T2 showed higher root zone moisture content, desalination rate, salinity leaching efficiency, and yield compared to T1, T3, and T4. For W1 and W2 treatments, the K value efficiency of T2 decreased by 21.91%, 35.71%, 54.03%, and 17.48%, 32.14%, 45.92%, compared to T1, T3, and T4, respectively; yield increased by 7.34%, 10.41%, 20.01%, and 7.71%, 14.94%, 21.73%, respectively. Reducing dripper spacing had no significant impact on root zone moisture content, electrical conductivity, or root length density. Through multiple regression analysis of salinity leaching efficiency and yield, the recommended drip irrigation parameters for saline cotton fields in the Karamay region are a dripper flow rate of 2.1 L · h^-1, a dripper spacing of 30 cm, and an irrigation quota of 66.51 mm, with a total irrigation volume of 592.5 m³·hm^-2.

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