盐碱土壤滴水-蒸发过程中的水盐运移特征

阿孜古丽·塔依尔; 祁通; 徐万里; 黄建; 孟阿静; 阿迪来·乌甫; 付彦博

文章摘要

盐碱土壤滴水-蒸发过程中的水盐运移特征

Water-salt transport characteristics during drip-evaporation in saline-alkali soil

Received:August 19, 2024

DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0645

中文关键词: 盐碱土，干播湿出，蒸发，水盐，离子，返盐

英文关键词: saline-alkali soil, dry sowing wet emergence, evaporation, water and salts, ions, resalt

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1900802）;新疆维吾尔自治区重大专项（2022A02007-1）

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
AZIGULI Tayier	College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization(Saline-Alkali Land in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
QI Tong	Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization(Saline-Alkali Land in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China	tong1982nn@163.com
XU Wanli	Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization(Saline-Alkali Land in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China	wlxu2005@163.com
HUANG Jian	Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization(Saline-Alkali Land in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
MENG Ajing	Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization(Saline-Alkali Land in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
ADILAI Wufu	College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
FU Yanbo	Baicheng Agricultural Experimental Station of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Soil Quality Aksu Observation Experimental Station, Aksu 843000, China

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中文摘要:

为探讨单次灌水后土壤蒸发过程中水分、盐分及离子的变化规律，分析表层土壤蒸发返盐规律及盐分与蒸发时间的函数关系，本研究通过室外土柱模拟试验，对砂土、黏土、壤土分别进行覆膜和不覆膜处理，探究灌水后土壤在蒸发过程中的水盐及离子运移规律。结果表明，土壤蒸发过程中，表层土壤中总盐及Cl^-、SO₄^2-、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、K⁺、Na⁺含量上升，覆膜处理上升幅度低于不覆膜处理。其中总盐分、Na⁺、Cl^-、SO₄^2-含量上升较显著，且在砂土中含量最高，黏土中最低。蒸发过程中，砂土总盐日均浓度变化率最大，为0.48 g·kg^-1·d^-1，黏土最小，为0.11 g·kg^-1·d^-1。在离子方面，不同质地土壤中Na⁺和Cl^-日均浓度变化率较大，覆膜和不覆膜处理下其向上层运移规律与总盐基本一致。不同质地土壤表层盐分浓度与土壤蒸发时间呈正相关。研究表明，灌溉后的土壤在蒸发过程中，覆膜可抑制水分散失，降低盐分表聚。随着时间推移，盐离子随水分蒸发在土壤表层积累，不同质地土壤中Na⁺、Cl^-表聚量较大，Na⁺直接影响表层土壤总盐含量的增加。总盐分、Na⁺、Cl^-在砂土表层积累最多，在黏土中最少。该结果可为南疆盐碱耕地“干播湿出”种植技术制定合理灌溉制度及防治次生盐渍化提供科学指导。

英文摘要:

To study the dynamics of soil moisture, salinity, and ion content during soil evaporation following a single irrigation and analyzed the patterns of surface soil salt accumulation and the functional relationship between salt content and evaporation duration, the outdoor soil column simulation experiments were carried out. Sand, clay, and loam soils were subjected to mulched and unmulched treatments to investigate the movement of water, salts, and ions in soil during evaporation after irrigation. During soil evaporation, surface soil showed an increase in total salts and Cl^-, SO₄^2-, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, and Na+ content, with the mulched treatment exhibiting a lower increase than the unmulched treatment. The increase in total salts, Na⁺, Cl^-, and SO₄^2- was most significant, with the highest accumulation in sandy soil and the lowest in clay soil. Throughout the evaporation process, the average daily salt concentration change rate in sandy soil was highest at 0.48 g·kg^-1·d^-1, while clay soil was the lowest at 0.11 g·kg^-1·d^-1. For ions, the daily concentration change rates of Na⁺ and Cl^- ions were the highest across different soil textures, and their upward migration patterns in mulched and unmulched treatments were similar to the general upward movement of total salts. Salt concentration in the surface soil of different soil textures was positively correlated with evaporation time. Mulching after irrigation can suppress water loss and reduce surface salt accumulation. Over time, salt ions accumulate in the soil surface with moisture evaporation, with Na⁺ and Cl^- ions accumulating most prominently in the surface layer. Na+ significantly contributes to the increase in total surface soil salt content. Total salts, Na⁺, and Cl^- accumulate the most in sandy soil and the least in clay soil. These findings provide scientific guidance for developing rational irrigation practices and secondary salinization control in saline farmlands in southern Xinjiang under the“dry sowing, wet emergence”planting technique.

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