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| 不同有机肥替代比例对青稞产量、养分利用和土壤性质的影响 |
| Effects of different organic fertilizer substitution ratios on yield，nutrient utilization，and soil properties of highland barley |
| Received:August 11, 2023 Revised:January 22, 2024 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2023.0515 |
| 中文关键词: 有机肥替代，青稞产量，肥料利用率，土壤性质，养分积累 |
| 英文关键词: organic fertilizer substitution, highland barley yield, fertilizer utilization rate, soil property, nutrient accumulation |
| 基金项目:青海省成果转化项目（2018-NK-128）；青海省科技重大专项（2019-NK-A11） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | QIAO Bingying | Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China | | | XU Tingting | Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China | | | ZHANG Yang | Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China | | | SHI Lidong | Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China | | | ZHANG Rong | Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China | zhro2004038@sohu.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究有机肥替代化肥比例对青稞产量、养分利用和土壤性质的影响，本研究以“昆仑 14号”青稞为供试材料，设置 7个试验处理，分别为不施肥（CK）、常规施肥（CF）以及有机肥替代 20%（T1）、40%（T2）、60%（T3）、80%（T4）、100%（T5），研究等养分投入下有机肥替代比例对青稞产量、干物质积累量、养分积累量、肥料利用率、土壤理化性质和酶活性的影响。结果表明：随有机肥替代比例增加，青稞产量、干物质积累量、养分积累量和肥料利用率呈逐渐降低趋势，与CF相比，T1处理能显著提高青稞产量、养分积累量和肥料利用率；有机肥替代处理较CF提高了土壤有机质和硝态氮含量，降低了土壤pH值和铵态氮含量，对土壤全氮含量无显著影响，T1处理较CF提高了土壤速效磷和速效钾含量；有机肥替代处理土壤酶活性较CF处理明显提高，T1~T3处理脲酶活性显著提高 15.76%~19.51%，有机肥替代处理土壤碱性磷酸酶活性显著提高 24.32%~34.25%，T1和 T3处理更有利于土壤酶活性的提高。运用主成分分析法对各处理进行综合性评价，得分排序为 T1>CF>T2>T3>T4>T5>CK。研究表明，有机肥替代化肥可改善土壤理化性质，提高土壤酶活性，适宜比例的有机肥替代较常规施肥促进了青稞吸收利用养分并提高了产量，从综合性评分结果来看，有机肥替代20%处理效果最佳，为推荐施肥模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study examined the effect of organic fertilizer replacing the chemical fertilizer ratio on barley yield, nutrient utilization, and soil properties to provide a theoretical basis for reducing chemical fertilizer application in barley, increasing yield and efficiency. considering“Kunlun 14”barley as the test material, seven experimental treatments were set up：no fertilization（CK）, conventional fertilization（CF）, organic fertilizer substitution of 20%（T1）, 40%（T2）, 60%（T3）, 80%（T4）, and 100%（T5）. The effect of the organic fertilizer substitution ratio on barley yield, dry matter accumulation, nutrient accumulation, fertilizer utilization, soil physicochemical properties, and enzyme activity under equal nutrient inputs was studied. Barley yield, dry matter accumulation, nutrient accumulation, and fertilizer utilization gradually decreased with the increase in the organic fertilizer substitution ratio. T1 treatment significantly increased barley yield, nutrient accumulation, and fertilizer utilization compared with CF. The organic fertilizer replacement treatment increased soil organic matter and nitrate nitrogen content, decreased soil pH and ammonium nitrogen content, and had no significant effect on soil total nitrogen content compared with CF. The T1 treatment increased the soil's available phosphorus and available potassium content compared with CF. Soil urease and alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly increased by 15.76%-19.51%（T1-T3 treatment）and 24.32%-34.25%, respectively, in organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers treatments compared with CF. T1 and T3 treatments were more favorable for soil enzyme activities. The treatments were comprehensively evaluated using principal component analysis, and the scores were ranked as T1>CF>T2>T3>T4>T5>CK. Organic fertilizer replacement of chemical fertilizers can improve soil physical and chemical properties, soil enzyme activity, and the appropriate proportion of organic replacement of conventional fertilization, promoting the barley absorption and utilization of nutrients and improving yields. Organic fertilizer replacement of 20% of the treatment scored the highest for the recommended fertilization mode. |
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