玉米秸秆还田和施氮方式对麦田N<sub>2</sub>O排放的影响

徐钰; 江丽华; 孙哲; 石璟; 魏建林; 王梅; 李国生; 刘兆辉

文章摘要

玉米秸秆还田和施氮方式对麦田N₂O排放的影响

Effects of Corn Straw Returning and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Methods on N₂O Emission from Wheat Growing Season

Received:May 29, 2014

DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2015.0088

中文关键词: 玉米秸秆还田;施氮方式;N₂O排放;环境因素;小麦产量

英文关键词: corn straw returning;nitrogen fertilizer application method;N₂O emission;environmental factors;wheat yield

基金项目:农业公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201103039);山东省科技发展计划项目(2013GNC11204);中国清洁发展机制基金赠款项目(1214012);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2013 DQ023);山东省自主创新专项项目(2012CX90202);山东省科技发展计划项目(2014GNC112003)

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
XU Yu	Institute of Resource and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Control and Prevention, Jinan 250100, China
JIANG Li-hua	Institute of Resource and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Control and Prevention, Jinan 250100, China
SUN Zhe	Taian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taian 271000, China
SHI Jing	Institute of Resource and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Control and Prevention, Jinan 250100, China
WEI Jian-lin	Institute of Resource and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Control and Prevention, Jinan 250100, China
WANG Mei	Institute of Resource and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Control and Prevention, Jinan 250100, China
LI Guo-sheng	Institute of Resource and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Control and Prevention, Jinan 250100, China
LIU Zhao-hui	Institute of Resource and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Control and Prevention, Jinan 250100, China	liuzhaohui@saas.ac.cn

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中文摘要:

通过田间试验,采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法研究了秸秆不还田(SN)、秸秆还田(SR)、施用缓控释氮肥(SRC)和氮肥条施(SRR) 4种处理对小麦季N₂O排放的影响。结果表明,麦季农田土壤是N₂O的排放源,施肥+灌溉会引起N₂O的排放高峰,一般会持续1~2周,N₂O排放量占总排放量的40%以上。麦季3个生育期中,越冬前N₂O的排放量最高,占整个生育期的50%,其次是越冬后,而越冬期排放量最低,约占20%。秸秆还田促进了土壤N₂O的排放,SR比SN处理增加48.6%的排放量。施用新型肥料或采用氮肥条施可以降低N₂O的排放,并提高小麦产量及经济效益,尤其是后者效果最佳,能够起到增产减排的作用。

英文摘要:

Based on a wheat field experiment, the effect of four treatments such as no-straw returning (SN), straw returning (SR), control release fertilizer application(SRC) and nitrogen drilling(SRR) on N₂O emission was studied using the static chamber method and the gas chromatographic technique. The results indicated that the wheat field was the sources of N₂O emission. The N₂O emission peaks followed each time of fertilizer application and irrigation, and usually continued for 1~2 weeks. N₂O emissions accounted for more than 40% of total emissions during the N₂O emission peak. The amount of N₂O emission during three growing stage of wheat from high to low was arranged in turn pre-wintering period, post-wintering period and wintering period. N₂O emission could be increased by straw returning. Compared with SN, N₂O emission could be enhanced by 48.6% under SR. Both SRC and SRR could decrease the N₂O emission, increase wheat yield and economic benefit, especially the latter. Nitrogen drilling is a good method for yield increment and N₂O abatement.

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