春玉米产量、氮肥效率及土壤矿质氮对施氮的响应

隽英华; 汪仁; 韩晓日; 孙文涛; 邢月华

文章摘要

春玉米产量、氮肥效率及土壤矿质氮对施氮的响应

Response of Spring Maize Grain Yield, Nitrogen Efficiency and Soil Mineral Nitrogen to Nitrogen Application

Received:December 11, 2013

DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2013.0241

中文关键词: 春玉米;施氮量;氮肥效率;土壤硝态氮

英文关键词: spring maize;nitrogen application rate;nitrogen use efficiency;soil nitrate nitrogen

基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B12,2012BAD04B03,2013BAD07B03,2013BAD05B07)

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
JUAN Ying-hua	Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resource, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China
WANG Ren	Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resource, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China	lntfswr@yxhoo.com.cn
HAN Xiao-ri	De-partment of Soil and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
SUN Wen-tao	Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resource, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China	lntfswr@yxhoo.com.cn
XING Yue-hua	Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resource, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China

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中文摘要:

为了提高氮肥增产效益,减少对环境的污染,通过田间试验研究了施氮量对春玉米产量、氮肥效率及土壤矿质氮的影响。结果表明,施氮量较低时,春玉米籽粒产量随施氮量增加显著增加,当施氮量高于180 kg·hm^-2时,产量保持不变或有减少趋势。氮肥农学利用率、氮素吸收效率、氮素偏生产力和氮收获指数均随着施氮量增加显著降低,氮肥表观利用率和氮肥生理利用率均先增加后降低。从苗期到收获期,施氮处理0~60 cm土层硝态氮含量呈现"上升-下降-上升-下降-稳定"的变化趋势,而60~120 cm土层硝态氮在春玉米生长后期有增加的趋势。随着土层加深,土壤硝态氮含量呈波浪式下降,施氮量240 kg·hm^-2和300 kg·hm^-2处理在60~100 cm土层硝态氮含量均显著高于其他处理。随着施氮量增加,0~120 cm土层硝态氮累积量显著增加,当施氮量超过240kg·hm^-2时,土层中累积的硝态氮存在着较大的淋溶风险。综合考虑产量、氮肥效率和环境效应,179~209 kg N·hm^-2是本试验条件下春玉米的合理施氮量。

英文摘要:

In order to increase crop production and reduce environmental pollution by nitrogen(N)fertilizer, a field experiment was carriedout to study the effects of N application rate on spring maize grain yield, N use efficiency and temporal and spatial dynamics of soil mineral N(N_min). The results showed that the yield of spring maize increased significantly with N application rate increasing, but once the rate exceeded180 kg·hm^-2, the yield began to keep stable or trend to decline. With increasing of N application rate, N agronomic use efficiency, N uptakeefficiency, N partial productivity and N harvest index all decreased significantly, however, N apparent use efficiency and N physiological useefficiency both first increased and then decreased. From seedling stage to maturity of spring maize, N0₃-N content in 0-60 cm soil layershowed a trend of increase-decrease-increase-decrease and keeping stable at the end, but in 60一120 cm soil layer showed a trend of in-crease at the late growing stage under N treatment. With increasing of soil depth, soil N0₃-N content decreased in a wave manner, when Napplication rates were 240 kg·hm^-2 and 300 kg·hm ^-2, N0₃-N content in 60-100 cm soil layer was significantly higher than that under otherN treatments. With the increase of N application rate, N0₃-N accumulation in 0-120 cm soil layer increased significantly, but once the rateexceeded 240 kg·hm^-2, accumulated N0₃-N in soil layer had high leaching risk. In view of grain yield, N utilization efficiency and environ-mental benefit, 179-209 kg N.hm^-2was the reasonable N application rate for spring maize under the experimental conditions.

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