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| 保护性耕作对土壤团聚体、微生物及线虫群落的影响研究进展 |
| Progress on the effects of conservation tillage on soil aggregates, microbes, and nematode communities |
| Received:September 30, 2019 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2019.0496 |
| 中文关键词: 保护性耕作，团聚体，有机碳，微生物，线虫 |
| 英文关键词: conservation tillage, soil aggregates, soil organic carbon, soil microbes, nematodes |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划课题子课题（2016YFD0201009）；天津市自然科学基金（18JCYBJC23000）；中国农业科学院科技创新工程协同创新任务（CAAS-XTCX2016015）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（2018-szjj-wll） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | SHEN Xiao-lin | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | WANG Li-li | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | lili0229ok@126.com | | WANG Yang | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | WANG Ming-liang | College of Agronomy & Resources and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China | | | YANG Dian-lin | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | ZHAO Jian-ning | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | LI Gang | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | XUAN Qing-xia | Qihe Agricultural Bureau, Dezhou 251100, China | | | WANG Liang | Qihe Agricultural Bureau, Dezhou 251100, China | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 保护性耕作具有良好的生态效益，有利于农业生态系统的可持续发展。本文对比分析了国内外有关常规耕作和保护性耕作措施对土壤团聚体、土壤有机碳、土壤微生物及土壤线虫影响的研究进展。结果表明：保护性耕作减少土壤大团聚体的破坏，降低团聚体周转速率，提高土壤结构的稳定性；保护性耕作提高表层土壤总有机碳及活性有机碳含量；保护性耕作可以提高耕层微生物生物量，尤其对真菌生物量影响显著；保护性耕作不同程度地提高了团聚体中微生物量和微生物多样性，但并未改变微生物在团聚体中的分布模式；保护性耕作可提高土壤线虫多度，提高原状土壤和土壤各粒级团聚体中线虫群落的成熟度指数和结构指数，但并未改变线虫总数、营养类群、功能团及生态指数在团聚体中的分布模式。针对目前国内外研究现状，展望了保护性耕作今后的研究重点，以期为因地制宜选取保护性耕作措施提供理论支持，推进我国农业可持续发展。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Conservation tillage has numerous ecological benefits. For example, it is conducive to the sustainable development of agricultural ecosystems. This paper compared and analyzed various studies on the effects of conventional and protective tillage measures on soil aggregates, soil organic carbon, soil microorganisms, and soil nematodes at home and abroad. The effects of conservation tillage on soil aggregates and biological characteristics were largely manifested as follows:Conservation tillage reduced the damage of large soil aggregates, reduced aggregate turnover rates, and improved the stability of soil structures. Conservation tillage increased the total surface soil contents of organic carbon and active organic carbon. Conservation tillage could increase the microbial biomass in cultivated layers, with a particularly significant impact on fungal biomass. Conservation tillage increased the microbial biomass and microbial diversity in aggregates to varying degrees, but did not change the microbial population distribution patterns in aggregates. Conservation tillage increased soil nematode abundance. It also increased the maturity and structure indexes of nematode communities in undisturbed soil and soil aggregates of all sizes, but does not change the total number of nematodes, nutritional groups, functional groups, or ecological distribution patterns of indexes in agglomerates. Based on the current research status at home and abroad, this article looks forward to the future research focus of conservation tillage with the goal of providing theoretical support for selecting conservation tillage measures in accordance with local conditions and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture in China. |
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