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| 耕作对健康耕层结构的影响及发展趋势 |
| Effects of Tillage Model on Healthy Plough Layer Structure and Its Development Trends |
| Received:October 09, 2017 Revised:December 19, 2017 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2017.0242 |
| 中文关键词: 耕作模式，耕层构建，健康耕层，生产力 |
| 英文关键词: tillage model, plough layer construction, healthy plough layer, land productivity |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41661074）；农业部农业环境重点实验室开放基金项目（KLAE201504）；广西创新驱动重大专项（桂科AA17204037-3）；广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目（桂农科2014YZ31，2017JZ09，2017JZ01，2018YT08） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | HU Jun-ming | Agricultural Resource and Environment Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
Key Laboratory for Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China | | CHEN Sheng-nan | Agricultural Resource and Environment Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
Key Laboratory for Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China | | WEI Xiang-hua | Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China | | XIA Xu | Agricultural Resource and Environment Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China | | WEI Ben-hui | Cash Crop Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 土壤耕作与土地生产力密切相关，土壤耕层中的养分影响作物养分的吸收与利用，良好的耕层结构有利于水、肥、气、热之间相互协调。耕层深度与耕作方式有关，构建良好的健康耕层结构，有利于协调作物生长和根系分布。本文结合有关传统翻耕耕作、免耕、旋耕、深耕等对土壤耕层的研究结果，从土壤容重、土壤孔隙度、土壤团聚体、土壤入渗、土壤重金属、土壤呼吸及根系特征等方面，探讨耕作模式对健康土壤耕层构建的影响，并就耕作体系、系统定位、耕作效率、适生作物方面指出目前土壤耕层研究不足，从因地制宜发展耕作方式、建立综合性耕作体系、加快耕作新型农机的研究应用、开展农田小气候环境系统研究方面展望了构建健康理想耕层结构的发展趋势，以期最大限度地提高耕地资源综合生产能力，缓解人地关系矛盾，为农业生产中最佳耕作模式提供理论基础和技术支撑。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Soil cultivation is closely related to land productivity. Nutrient in plough layer is the key factor affecting the absorption and utilization of crop nutrients. Good plough layer structure is beneficial to the coordination of water, fertilizer, gas and heat. The depth of arable layer is related to tillage methods. Constructing good plough layer structure is conducive to crop growth and distribution. This paper reviewed both domestic and foreign researches regarding tillage models, which included conventional tillage, protective cultivation, rotary tillage, deep tillage, and so on. Based on the above research results, the effects of tillage models on the healthy soil layer construction were discussed from the soil bulk density, soil porosity, soil aggregates, infiltration of soil, soil heavy metals, soil respiration and the characters of root system. The deficiencies of current research were pointed out from several aspects such as tillage system, system positioning, tillage efficiency, suitable crop. In order to maximize the comprehensive production capacity of cultivated land resources and solve the contradiction between human being and land, this paper forecasted the development trend of ideal plough layer structure from four aspects:Cultivate patterns according to local conditions, the establishment of complex farming models, accelerating the research and application of new agricultural machinery, conducting systematic research of farmland microclimate environment. This will provide the theoretical basis and technical support for the optimal farming mode in agricultural production. |
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