豫东农田生态系统不同水体水质长期变化规律及影响因素分析

任文; 谢坤; 李中阳; 刘安能; 雍蓓蓓; 张志新; 丁大伟

文章摘要

豫东农田生态系统不同水体水质长期变化规律及影响因素分析

Long-term dynamic quality of flowing surface water and shallow groundwater in the agricultural ecosystem of eastern Henan and analyses of influencing factors

Received:September 22, 2022 Revised:December 08, 2022

DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2022.0665

中文关键词: 豫东，流动地表水，浅层地下水，水质状况

英文关键词: eastern Henan, flowing surface water, shallow groundwater, water quality

基金项目:中国农科院基本科研业务费专项院级统筹项目（Y2022LM29）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（IFI2023-18）

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
REN Wen	Institute of Farmland Irrigation of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China National Agro-ecological System Observation and Research Station of Shangqiu/Shangqiu Observation and Experimental Station of National Agricultural Environment/National Long-term Agricultural Green Development Experiment and Observation Station, Shangqiu 476000, China
XIE Kun	Institute of Farmland Irrigation of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China National Agro-ecological System Observation and Research Station of Shangqiu/Shangqiu Observation and Experimental Station of National Agricultural Environment/National Long-term Agricultural Green Development Experiment and Observation Station, Shangqiu 476000, China
LI Zhongyang	Institute of Farmland Irrigation of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China National Agro-ecological System Observation and Research Station of Shangqiu/Shangqiu Observation and Experimental Station of National Agricultural Environment/National Long-term Agricultural Green Development Experiment and Observation Station, Shangqiu 476000, China
LIU Anneng	Institute of Farmland Irrigation of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China National Agro-ecological System Observation and Research Station of Shangqiu/Shangqiu Observation and Experimental Station of National Agricultural Environment/National Long-term Agricultural Green Development Experiment and Observation Station, Shangqiu 476000, China
YONG Beibei	Institute of Farmland Irrigation of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China National Agro-ecological System Observation and Research Station of Shangqiu/Shangqiu Observation and Experimental Station of National Agricultural Environment/National Long-term Agricultural Green Development Experiment and Observation Station, Shangqiu 476000, China
ZHANG Zhixin	College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
DING Dawei	Institute of Farmland Irrigation of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China National Agro-ecological System Observation and Research Station of Shangqiu/Shangqiu Observation and Experimental Station of National Agricultural Environment/National Long-term Agricultural Green Development Experiment and Observation Station, Shangqiu 476000, China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China	dingdawei@caas.cn

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中文摘要:

为探究农田生态系统不同水体间水质状况差异特征及其与降雨量、地下水水位等因素的关系，本研究于2010—2020年对河南商丘农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站周边4处流动地表水及5处浅层地下水进行监测，采用描述性统计及时间序列分析方法，分析该区域两种水体水质状况长期变化规律及其影响因素。结果表明：更新能力较差的浅层地下水中Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Na⁺、HCO₃^-、SO₄^2-、Cl^-含量及电导率通常高于流动地表水，降雨量增加时伴随的地下水位升高使表层土壤中的盐分离子更容易向地下水中迁移，进而导致两种水体水质的差异增大。在为期10年的监测中，所有离子均出现了明显的峰值，其中Na⁺、Ca²⁺、SO₄^2-于2012年3月在流动地表水中率先达到最大值，K⁺于2011年9月在浅层地下水中率先达到最大值。不同时期两种水体的水化学类型相似程度较高，季节因素对水体中不同离子含量的周期性变化影响较小，而降雨及地下水位长期变化趋势是影响水化学类型和离子变化趋势的主要因素。当降雨量增加和地下水位上升时，浅层地下水中SO₄^2-和Cl^-含量易超过《地下水质量标准》（GB/T 14848—2017）Ⅳ类临界值，此时不宜选择浅层地下水作为灌溉水源。本研究证实了豫东地区典型农田生态系统水质变化与降雨和地下水位的长期变化规律紧密相关，可为该地区农田环境水质风险管理及农业生产用水选择提供理论支撑。

英文摘要:

Our research is aimed at exploring quality differences in different water sources, and the quality influence from precipitation, shallow groundwater depth, and other factors in an agricultural ecosystem. Samples of flowing surface water and shallow groundwater were collected from four and five locations near the National Agro-ecological System Observation and Research Station of Shangqiu in Henan Province to monitor water quality from 2010 to 2020. Quality of these two water sources was studied as a dynamic process to identify influencing factors using descriptive statistics and a time series analysis method. Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, HCO₃^-, SO₄^2- and Cl^- content and electrical conductivity were usually higher in poorly renewed shallow groundwater than in flowing surface water. Rises in the underground water table caused by increased precipitation could promote salt ion migration from top soil to groundwater, thereby amplifying discrepancies between these two kinds of water. Spanning 10 years of monitoring, peak values were observed for all ions, during which Na⁺, Ca²⁺ and SO₄^2- in flowing surface water and K+ in shallow groundwater reached their maxima in March 2012 and September 2011 respectively. The hydrochemical types of these two waters were consistently similar over time. Although seasonal variation exerted less influence on periodical ion content changes, the long-term dynamic interaction between precipitation and the groundwater table notably regulated the hydrochemical type and ion flux in the waters. In the scenario in which increased precipitation raised the water table, shallow groundwater SO₄^2-, and Cl^- levels could easily exceed the threshold for agricultural production suggested by Standard for Groundwater Quality（GB/T 14848—2017）, rendering it unsuitable for irrigation. This study confirmed that long-term quality in flowing surface water and shallow groundwater was dynamically influenced by long-term changes in precipitation and groundwater depth in a typical agricultural ecosystem in eastern Henan, which can provide a reference for water quality risk management in farmland environments and water source selection in local agriculture production.

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