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| 国外改厕技术模式与管理机制对我国干旱寒冷地区农村改厕的启示 |
| Reference for technology models and management mechanisms of toilets in dry and cold regions abroad |
| Received:June 25, 2022 Revised:October 24, 2022 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2022.0411 |
| 中文关键词: 农村厕所革命，干旱寒冷地区，技术模式，土地渗滤系统，生态旱厕 |
| 英文关键词: rural toilet revolution, dry and cold regions, technical mode, land filtration system, ecological toilet |
| 基金项目:中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（2022-jbkyywf-wq）；农业农村部“农村典型卫生户厕粪污监测”项目（09223004）；天津市科技计划项目（22YFZCSN00170） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | WANG Jiarui | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
Key Laboratory for Rural Toilet and Sewage Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | WEI Xiaocheng | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
Key Laboratory for Rural Toilet and Sewage Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | CHEN Peizhen | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
Key Laboratory for Rural Toilet and Sewage Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | GAO Wenyong | Administration and Management Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 102208, China | | | TAN Lu | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
Key Laboratory for Rural Toilet and Sewage Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | PENG Hao | College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China | | | ZHANG Chunxue | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
Key Laboratory for Rural Toilet and Sewage Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | ZHAO Wenjie | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
Key Laboratory for Rural Toilet and Sewage Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | WANG Qiang | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
Key Laboratory for Rural Toilet and Sewage Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | wq319320@126.com | | ZHENG Xiangqun | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
Key Laboratory for Rural Toilet and Sewage Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | zhengxiangqun@aepi.org.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 当前我国厕所革命取得了显著成效，全国农村卫生厕所普及率超过70%，但干旱寒冷地区农村改厕在节水防冻技术、技术模式适配性、粪污资源化利用、管护与运维机制等方面还存在短板，制约着我国农村卫生厕所的整体提升。本文通过文献和数据调研，分析国外改厕工作的典型技术模式及其优缺点、适用性、运维机制等内容，总结提炼国外改厕技术模式的经验与启示，结合我国国情，建议从改厕技术模式选择、黑灰水协同治理、指导体系和系统运行机制等方面，全面提升改善我国干旱寒冷地区农村改厕工作成效，旨在为我国干旱寒冷地区农村改厕提供理论和实践借鉴，进一步推进我国农村厕所革命进程。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| At present, the rural toilet revolution in China has achieved remarkable results; the national sanitary toilet penetration rate has reached 70%. However, the improvement in rural toilets in dry and cold regions has experienced shortcomings in terms of water-saving and antifreezing technology, technical mode adaptation, toilet excrement and sewage resource use, toilet management, and operation mechanisms, which have restricted the overall improvement of rural sanitary toilets in China. In this study, we analyzed the typical technical models, advantages and disadvantages, applicability, management, and operation mechanisms of toilet improvement in dry and cold regions abroad. used in toilet renovation and summarized the experiences with and advances in toilet improvement technology models in dry and cold regions in foreign countries. As a result, we recommended to comprehensively increase the effectiveness of toilet improvement in rural dry and cold regions in China in terms of research and development of toilet improvement technology, collaborative management of black and gray water, guidance systems, and full-chain operation mechanisms, aiming to provide theoretical and practical reference for rural toilet improvement in dry and cold regions in China and further promoting the toilet revolution in China. |
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