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| 巢湖流域种植模式改变对养分表观平衡及土壤化学性质的影响 |
| Effects of planting pattern change on apparent nutrient balance and soil chemical properties in Chaohu Lake basin |
| Received:July 26, 2022 Revised:November 16, 2022 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2022.0497 |
| 中文关键词: 巢湖，设施栽培，养分平衡，土壤酸化，次生盐渍化 |
| 英文关键词: Chaohu Lake, facility cultivation, nutrient balance, soil acidification, secondary salinization |
| 基金项目:安徽省自然科学基金项目（1708085QD88，2008085QD162）；安徽高校协同创新项目（GXXT-2020-075）；分子基材料安徽省重点实验室开放基金项目（fzj19012）；养分循环与资源环境安徽省重点实验室开放基金项目；安徽师范大学校立项目（2018XJJ55，2018XJJ56，2018XJJ81，2018XJJ94）；安徽省留学人员创新项目 |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | ZHOU Nannan | Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241003, China | | | WANG Jingjing | Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241003, China | | | WANG Jiajia | Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrient Recycling, Resources and Environment, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China | | | SONG Zhaohui | Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241003, China | | | YANG Wenbin | Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241003, China | | | ZUO Shuangbao | Jushi Institute of Composite Materials, Jushi Group Co. Ltd., Tongxiang 314500, China | | | WANG Ying | Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241003, China
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrient Recycling, Resources and Environment, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241003, China | gleaner@foxmail.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确巢湖流域内的农田养分平衡状况，制定面源污染防控措施，本研究以巢湖流域传统休耕-水稻种植模式（n=26）作为参照，选取该区域典型的大棚番茄-水稻轮作模式（由休耕-水稻种植模式转变而来，n=26）为研究对象，探究不同种植模式下的养分盈亏状况，并分析种植模式改变对土壤化学性质的影响。结果表明，休耕-水稻种植模式下氮盈余34.02 kg·hm-2·a-1，其盈余率为16.7%；磷和钾分别亏损2.96、13.71 kg·hm-2·a-1，两者亏损率分别为9.1%和19.7%。大棚番茄-水稻轮作模式下氮、磷、钾盈余量分别为589.27、194.93、144.22 kg·hm-2·a-1，三者盈余率分别为61.5%、66.4%、26.9%。长期大量施肥下，大棚番茄-水稻轮作导致土壤积累的硝态氮、铵态氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别为休耕-水稻种植模式土壤的50.05、7.05、1.95倍和1.72倍。对比休耕-水稻种植模式，大棚番茄-水稻轮作模式下过量施用氮肥导致土壤pH平均下降了0.83个单位，电导率平均增加了0.73 mS·cm-1，该模式下土壤呈明显的酸化和盐渍化趋势。研究表明，当前巢湖流域大棚番茄-水稻轮作模式下的养分收支呈盈余状态，土壤积累了大量速效养分，存在一定的流失风险。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| As one of the five largest freshwater lakes in China, Chaohu Lake is facing the serious problem of eutrophication. The nutrient balance of farmland in the Chaohu Lake basin is not clear, which restricts the formulation of non-point source pollution prevention and control measures. To determine the nutrient surplus or loss status under the different planting patterns and analyze the influence of planting pattern changes on soil chemical properties, two planting patterns in the Chaohu Lake basin were applied and compared:the traditional fallow-rice planting pattern (n=26), which was used as a reference, and the typical greenhouse tomato-rice rotation pattern(n=26). The results showed that, under the fallow-rice planting pattern, the nitrogen (N) surplus was 34.02 kg·hm-2·a-1, and the surplus rate was 16.7%. Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) decreased by 2.96 kg·hm-2·a-1 and 13.71 kg·hm-2·a-1, respectively, and the loss rates were 9.1% and 19.7%, respectively. Under the greenhouse tomato-rice rotation pattern, the N, P, and K surpluses were 589.27, 194.93 kg·hm-2·a-1, and 144.22 kg·hm-2·a-1, respectively, and the surplus rates were 61.5%, 66.4%, and 26.9%, respectively. After long-term excessive fertilization, the nitrate N, ammonium N, available P, and available K contents in the soil under the greenhouse tomato-rice rotation pattern were 50.05, 7.05, 1.95, and 1.72 times higher than those under the fallow-rice pattern, respectively. Compared with the fallow-rice pattern, the excessive application of N fertilizer under the greenhouse tomato-rice rotation pattern resulted in the soil pH decreasing by an average decrease of 0.83 units and an average electroconductivity increase of 0.73 mS·cm-1, showing an obvious trend of acidification and salinization. The results indicates that the nutrient budgets under the current greenhouse tomato-rice rotation pattern are in surplus, and the soils have accumulated a large amount of available nutrients, which have a certain risk of nutrient loss. |
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