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| 我国东北地区有机肥资源分布特征与养分利用潜力分析 |
| Spatial distribution and nutrient utilization potential of organic fertilizer resources in the black soil region of northeast China |
| Received:August 12, 2022 Revised:September 28, 2022 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2022.0545 |
| 中文关键词: 有机肥，秸秆，畜禽粪便，资源利用 |
| 英文关键词: organic fertilizer, crop straw, livestock and poultry manure, resource utilization |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1500803） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | WEI Yujie | College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China | | TIAN Junying | College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China | | CAI Chongfa | College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了探究我国东北地区主要有机肥资源的区域分布特征及养分利用潜力，以国家统计局发布的农作物产量、畜禽饲养量等数据为基础，对黑龙江省、吉林省、辽宁省及内蒙古自治区部分地区2000—2020年秸秆及畜禽粪便的产量及氮磷钾养分含量进行整理分析，结合2020年该区域的农作物种植结构，探讨了秸秆和畜禽粪肥还田的养分利用潜力。结果表明：该区域秸秆资源（干基）主要来源于玉米（61.88%），2000—2020年秸秆的年均产量为1.38×108 t·a-1，畜禽粪肥资源（鲜基）主要来源于牛粪（52.44%），年均产量为2.87×108 t·a-1，玉米秸秆和牛粪主要集中于黑龙江省的哈尔滨市、绥化市等地区；秸秆资源总产量呈波动增加的趋势，尤其是2000—2013年呈线性增加趋势，而畜禽粪肥的年度总产量相对稳定。以2020年秸秆和畜禽粪肥当年最大养分利用效率计算，该地区秸秆和粪肥理论上可提供的有效氮、磷、钾分别为1.16×106、3.05×105、2.13×106 t，对农作物养分需求的贡献分别为29.57%、38.28%、112.49%。研究表明，以秸秆和畜禽粪肥的最大养分利用效率计算，东北地区的有机肥资源仍无法满足农作物的养分需求。因此，合理优化作物种植结构、提高有机肥资源还田利用效率，是实现该区域种养结合和农业可持续发展的重要途径。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| With increasing attention on soil health and the sustainable development of agriculture, the utilization of organic fertilizer has been placed on the agenda in recent years. Crop straw and animal manure, the predominant sources of organic fertilizer worldwide, could replace a certain amount of chemical fertilizer and benefit sustainable agricultural production. Northeast China, one of the black soil regions in the world, is the most important grain production base. To investigate the spatial distribution and nutrient potential of organic fertilizer resources in northeast China, agricultural and animal husbandry datasets, including crop, livestock, and poultry production, from 2000 to 2020 in the black soil region(Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces, and parts of Inner Mongolia) of northeast China were collected from the National Bureau of Statistics. The amounts of various crop straw and manure from livestock and poultry were calculated, and the nutrient levels(N, P, and K) of these resources were estimated. The results showed that 61.88% of the total amount of crop straw was contributed by maize straw, with an annual production of 1.38×108 t·a-1 from 2000 to 2020. Livestock and poultry manure resources were dominated by cattle manure, which had an annual production of 2.87×108 t·a-1 and contributed 52.44% of the total amount of manure resources. In addition, maize straw and cattle manure were mainly concentrated in Heilongjiang Province, especially in Harbin City and Suihua City. A fluctuating increasing trend was observed for the annual amount of crop straw from 2000 to 2020, particularly from 2000 to 2013. However, a relatively stable trend was observed in the annual production of livestock and poultry manure during these 21 years. Moreover, the theoretical amounts of effective N, P, and K produced from these crop straw and animal manures were 1.16×106, 3.05×105, and 2.13×106 t, respectively, in 2020. Nevertheless, these nutrients could only contribute to 29.57%, 38.28% and 12.49% of the N, P, and K requirements of crops, respectively, under the maximum in-season nutrient release rate. The results of this study facilitate better decision-making on organic fertilizer utilization and structural optimization of the agricultural and animal husbandry industries. |
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