典型农业区河流水质评价及影响因素分析

付凯; 高红杰; 李发东; 吴坤; 张秋英; 李兆; 毛珊珊; 李曹乐; 王健祺

文章摘要

典型农业区河流水质评价及影响因素分析

River water quality evaluation and analysis of influencing factors in typical agricultural areas

Received:December 15, 2022 Revised:April 28, 2023

DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2022.0881

中文关键词: 高州，白沙河，水质评价，时空变化，土地利用

英文关键词: Gaozhou, Baisha River, water quality assessment, spatio-temporal change, land use

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0800301）；高州市水生态环境保护治理总体技术服务项目（XCGZ-202219）

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
FU Kai	Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China College of Geography Science and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
GAO Hongjie	Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
LI Fadong	Institute of Geographic Sciences and Nature Resource Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
WU Kun	Maoming Ecological Environment Bureau, Maoming 525400, China
ZHANG Qiuying	Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China	zhangqy@craes.org.cn
LI Zhao	Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Nature Resource Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
MAO Shanshan	Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China College of Geography Science and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
LI Caole	Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
WANG Jianqi	Institute of Geographic Sciences and Nature Resource Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China

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中文摘要:

随着农业、农村和城镇化快速发展，施肥、畜禽养殖和农村污水排放等使河流水质日益恶化、氮磷污染严重，导致水环境问题加剧。本研究以位于广东省高州市的白沙河为例，在旱季和雨季采集水样，测定河水主要水质指标的时空变化特征，利用水质指数（WQI）、灌溉用水评价模型、主成分分析法，结合土地利用类型，评估白沙河水质和影响因素。结果表明：水质指标呈现明显的季节变化特征，旱季各项水质指标均大于雨季，降雨对pH、电导率（EC）、NH⁺₄-N、Ca²⁺、Na⁺、Cl^-和SO^2-₄的影响较大。雨季66%的水样WQI为优，显著优于旱季；旱季水样WQI值较高，水质较差水样主要集中于上游工业园及中下游区域。农田灌溉用水水质评价表明，雨季河流水质适合灌溉，旱季部分河水在灌溉前需要采取处理措施。主成分分析（PCA）和相关性分析（CA）显示白沙河流域的主要污染源与农业面源、居民生活污水和工业园排水有关，影响水质的关键因子是NH⁺₄-N、总磷（TP）和NO^-₃；土地利用类型分析表明水田和建设用地、农村居民点和林地分别是旱季、雨季水质的主要影响因子，250 m缓冲区尺度下，水田和农村居民点与水质的关联性较强。研究表明，白沙河旱季水质较差，与工业排水造成的点源污染有关；在250 m缓冲区尺度下河流水质与农业面源污染有关。

英文摘要:

The rapid development of agriculture and urbanization has led to the deterioration of river water quality and serious nitrogen and phosphorus pollution brought about by fertilization, livestock breeding, and rural uncollected sewage discharge, resulting in the intensification of water pollution. In this study, water samples were collected during the dry and rainy seasons from the Baisha River, located in Gaozhou City, Guangdong Province, to determine the spatial and temporal characteristics of the main water quality indicators of the river. The water quality index（WQI）, an irrigation water evaluation model, principal component analysis, and land use type were used to evaluate the water quality and influencing factors of the Baisha River. The results showed that the water quality indexes exhibited obvious seasonal changes, and all water quality indexes were greater in the dry season than in the rainy season, and rainfall had a greater influence on pH, EC, NH +4-N, Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Cl^- and SO^2-₄. The WQI of 66% of the water samples in the rainy season is excellent, which is significantly better than that in the dry season; the WQI values of the water samples in the dry season are higher and mainly concentrated in the upstream industrial park and the middle and downstream areas. The evaluation of river water quality for agricultural irrigation shows that the water quality is suitable for irrigation in the rainy season, while some water in the dry season need to be treated before irrigation. Principal component analysis（PCA）and correlation analysis（CA）show that the main sources of pollution in the Baisha River basin are related to agricultural surface sources, residential sewage, and industrial park drainage, and the key factors affecting water quality are NH⁺₄-N, TP, and NO^-₃; land use type analysis shows that paddy fields and construction land in the dry season, and rural settlements and forest land in the rainy season, are the main influencing factors of water quality respectively, and the association between paddy fields and rural settlements and water quality is stronger at the 250 m buffer scale. This study shows that the poor water quality of the Baisha River in the dry season is related to point source pollution caused by industrial drainage; the water quality of the river at the 250 m buffer scale is related to agricultural surface source pollution.

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