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| 长期施肥对不同深度稻田土壤团聚体磷素分配的影响 |
| Effects of long-term fertilization on phosphorus distribution in soil aggregates of different depths in paddy fields |
| Received:September 02, 2021 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2021.0583 |
| 中文关键词: 水稻土，团聚体，有效磷，有机肥，配施，土壤深度 |
| 英文关键词: paddy soil, aggregate, available phosphorus, organic fertilizer, combined application, soil depth |
| 基金项目:江西省双千计划项目（jxsq2020102116）； 国家科技基础资源调查专项课题（2021FY100504）； 国家自然科学基金项目（41907093）； 江西省重点研发计划项目 （20203BBFL63063） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LIU Kailou | Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Nanchang 330046, China
Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China | | | DU Jiangxue | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China | | | WU Lei | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China | | | ZHANG Wenju | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China | | | HAN Tianfu | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China | | | LI Wenjun | Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Nanchang 330046, China
College of Resources and Environment and Tourism, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China | | | SHI Linlin | Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou 215007, China | | | YU Xichu | Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Nanchang 330046, China | yxchu@163.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 长期磷肥投入显著增加了耕层土壤各团聚体组分中磷素累积，而作为评判磷素是否向地下水迁移的重要指标，深层土壤团聚体磷素分配对长期磷肥投入的响应仍缺乏系统评估。本研究依托始于1981年红壤稻田长期定位试验，选取不施磷肥（NK）、氮磷钾化肥（NPK）和氮磷钾化肥配施有机肥（NPKM）处理，在长期试验40年后（2020年），分别采集0~20、20~40、40~60 cm深度的土壤样品，测定了全土和各团聚体组分的总磷和有效磷含量，并探讨了施肥-团聚体质量百分比-团聚体磷素之间的内在关系。结果表明，所有施肥处理均表现为>2 mm团聚体质量百分比随着土壤深度的增加而逐渐降低，与NK处理相比，磷肥施用显著提高了0~20 cm和20~40 cm全土和团聚体组分中有效磷含量，且NPKM处理的增幅最大。与NK处理相比，NPKM处理下0~20、20~40cm和40~60 cm各团聚体总磷含量分别提高了2.14~2.60、1.39~2.80倍和27.03%~180%，各团聚体有效磷含量增幅分别为12.95~18.29、7.57~12.31倍和70.67%~709%。同时，NPKM处理总磷和有效磷的增幅呈现出随着团聚体粒径的增大而逐渐增加的趋势。水稻吸磷量和磷素盈余量也表现为NPKM处理最高，NPK处理次之，NK处理最低。进一步分析发现，团聚体总磷和有效磷含量主要受磷素盈余量的影响，且团聚体中的有效磷含量还受总磷含量的直接调控。研究表明，40年长期有机无机肥配施显著影响红壤稻田表层和深层团聚体磷素分配，且>2 mm团聚体组分中有效磷含量的响应最为敏感，通过调控磷素盈余可以显著影响团聚体中磷分配。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Long-term phosphate（P）fertilizer application significantly increases P accumulation in bulk soil and aggregate components of the cultivated layer. However, the response of P distribution in aggregate to long-term P fertilization for deep soil is unclear, which is an important indicator for judging whether P migrates to groundwater. The long-term experiment（since 1981）was conducted on paddy fields from red soil, which included nitrogen and potassium fertilizer（NK） , nitrogen, P, and potassium fertilizer（NPK） , and NPK combined with organic fertilizer（NPKM） . In 2020（After 40 years of long-term fertilization） , soil samples from 0 to 20 cm, 20~40 cm, and 40~60 cm were collected, the total and available P content of bulk soil and each aggregate component was determined, and the relationships among fertilization, aggregate distribution, and aggregate P content were discussed. All treatments showed that the proportion of aggregates >2 mm gradually decreased with increasing soil depth. The application of P fertilizer treatment significantly increased the available P content in bulk soil and each aggregate component of 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm, compared with that of the no phosphate fertilizer treatment, with the highest increase observed in the NPKM treatment. The total P content in all aggregates of 0~20 cm, 20~40 cm, and 40~60 cm under NPKM treatment was increased by 2.14~2.60, 1.39~2.80 times, and 27.03%~180%, respectively, compared with that of NK treatment. Meanwhile, the available P content was increased by 12.95~18.29, 7.57~12.31 times, and 70.67%~709%, respectively. It also indicated that the growth rate of total P and available P content in the NPKM treatment showed a gradual increase with an increase in aggregate size. The P uptake of rice showed that the NPKM treatment had the highest rate, followed by the NPK treatment, while the NK treatment had the lowest rate. Indepth analysis revealed that the total and available P content in aggregates was mainly affected by the P surplus. Meanwhile, the available P content in the aggregates was also directly controlled by the total P content. Therefore, in paddy fields of red soil, long-term combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers for 40 years significantly affected P distribution in surface and deep soil aggregates, and the response of the available P content was sensitive in large aggregates. The P distribution of soil aggregates could be significantly affected by regulating the P surplus. |
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