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| 生物炭对烤烟成熟期根际真菌群落结构的影响及功能预测分析 |
| Effects of biochar on fungal community structure and function on flue cured tobacco |
| Received:May 19, 2021 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2021.0318 |
| 中文关键词: 生物炭，土壤，真菌群落结构，功能类群 |
| 英文关键词: biochar, soil, fungal community, functional groups |
| 基金项目:河南省重点研发计划项目（222102110178）；广东中烟工业有限责任公司科技攻关项目（2020440000340029）；河南青年骨干教师资助项目（2020GGJS047） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LI Maosen | Henan Agricultural University/Henan Biochar Technology Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Henan Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China | | | WANG Liyuan | Yichun Branch of Jiangxi Tobacco Company, Yichun 336000, China | | | YANG Bo | Anhui China Tobacco Industry Co., Ltd., Hefei 230000, China | | | LIU Futong | Henan Agricultural University/Henan Biochar Technology Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China | | | ZHANG Yongjiang | Yichun Branch of Jiangxi Tobacco Company, Yichun 336000, China | | | REN Tianbao | Henan Agricultural University/Henan Biochar Technology Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Henan Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China | biochar2018@henau.edu.cn | | ZHANG Fujian | Anhui China Tobacco Industry Co., Ltd., Hefei 230000, China | zhangfujianjxau@163.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究植烟土壤中真菌群落结构和功能类群对生物炭的响应，采用大田试验的方式，分别设置CK（常规施肥）和T（常规施肥+750 kg·hm-2生物炭）两组试验，研究了土壤真菌群落结构，并用FUNGuild对真菌进行功能预测。结果表明，在移栽后105 d，添加生物炭处理的烟株株高和中部叶叶长、叶宽较CK分别提高了2.34%、1.71%和5.48%。添加生物炭处理土壤的pH、速效钾、有效磷、有机质含量较CK处理分别显著提高了0.52个单位、11.14%、7.90%和11.76%（P<0.05）。测序结果表明，土壤中优势真菌门类为子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、毛霉菌门（Mucoromycota）、一种SAR超类群（SAR-k-NORANK）和担子菌门（Basidiomycota），平均相对丰度分别为84.78%、5.96%、2.66%和2.29%，施加生物炭提高了毛霉菌门和担子菌门的丰度，升幅分别达到了54.02%和31.49%，子囊菌门的相对丰度较CK处理降低了1.20%。FUNGuid分析结果表明，施加生物炭后，土壤中病理营养型真菌丰度降低了62.07%，腐生营养型真菌丰度升高了69.80%。对烤后烟叶进行分析发现，烟叶总糖、还原糖和钾含量均有显著提高（P<0.05），增幅分别为16.47%、10.82%和11.78%，烟碱、总氮和蛋白质含量分别提高了2.65%、2.24%和2.14%，氯含量降低了1.46%。研究表明，施加生物炭可以增加土壤微生物对腐生物质的分解速率，提高土壤养分含量并促进物质循环，改善烟株性状，提升烤后烟叶品质，同时可以降低烤烟的病害风险。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the effects of biochar on fungal community structure and functional groups in tobacco planting soil, two experimental field plots were set up:conventional fertilization(CK)and conventional fertilization+750 kg·hm-2 biochar(T). The community structure of soil fungi was studied, and FUNGuild was used to predict fungal functions. One hundred and five days after transplanting, plant height, middle leaf length, and leaf width of tobacco treated with biochar increased by 2.34%, 1.71%, and 5.48%, respectively, compared with CK. Also compared with CK, pH, available potassium, available phosphorus, and organic matter significantly increased by 0.52 unit, 11.14%, 7.90% and 11.76% respectively(P<0.05). Sequencing results showed that the dominant soil fungi were Ascomycota, Mucoromycota, SARk-NORANK, and Basidiomycota, with respective average relative abundances of 84.78%, 5.96%, 2.66%, and 2.29%. Biochar application increased the abundance of Mucoromycota and Basidiomycota, and decreased the relative abundance of Ascomycota by 1.20% compared with CK. FUNGuild analysis showed that after biochar was applied, the abundance of pathotrophic fungi in soil decreased by 62.07%, and the abundance of saprophytic fungi increased by 69.80%. In the tobacco leaves, total sugar, reducing sugar, and potassium contents increased significantly, reaching 16.47%, 10.82%, and 11.78%, respectively. Nicotine, total nitrogen, and protein contents increased by 2.65%, 2.24%, and 2.14%, respectively, and chlorine content decreased by 1.46%. In conclusion, biochar application can increase the decomposition rate of rotting biomass by soil microorganisms, improve soil nutrients, promote material circulation, improve tobacco plant properties, improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves, and reduce disease risk in flue-cured tobacco. |
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