抽排厕所废物原位发酵回用可行性研究：杭桥村案例

吕明环; 张玉; 徐明杰; 李傲; 李亚惠; 朱仕坤; 范彬

文章摘要

抽排厕所废物原位发酵回用可行性研究：杭桥村案例

Feasibility study of in-situ fermentation and reuse of vacuum toilet wastewater:A case study of Hangqiao Village

Received:December 15, 2020 Revised:February 22, 2021

DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2020.0746

中文关键词: 抽吸式厕所;源分离;厌氧发酵;就地就近回用;长期运行;案例研究

英文关键词: vacuum toilet;source-separation;anaerobic fermentation;local reuse;long-term operation;case study

基金项目:国家重点研发计划课题(2020YFD1100105);国家自然科学基金重点项目(51838013)

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
Lü Minghuan	Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
ZHANG Yu	Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
XU Mingjie	Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
LI Ao	Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
LI Yahui	Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
ZHU Shikun	Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China	skzhu@rcees.ac.cn
FAN Bin	Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China	fanbin@rcees.ac.cn

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中文摘要:

为适应农村居民对现代化生活的追求、顺应可持续发展的趋势，本研究结合我国农村实情提出以“抽吸式-源分离-就地就近资源化”为技术路线的现代资源化模式作为农村家庭粪尿处置与利用的解决方案，选取一自然聚落，建设服务于20户居民的示范工程开展可行性研究。方案采用组合式多级厌氧发酵制肥工艺对单独收集的抽排厕所废物进行无害化处理，就地就近回用于附近农田，考察抽排厕所废物性质，对制肥设施进行定期监测，并于运行32个月后破拆清扫、取样分析。结果显示：设施未出现堵塞、满溢及渗漏现象，污泥积累不超过设施总有效高度的20%且充分稳定，具有维护简单、清扫周期长的特点；设施出液及底泥均未检出活寄生虫卵，粪大肠菌值>10^-4，符合《粪便无害化卫生要求》（GB 7959—2012）中的卫生标准；设施出液及底泥的总养分含量分别为0.18%和0.43%，有机质含量分别为0.05%和2.65%，每年产生的出液及污泥共计可取代氮肥（N）161.19 kg、磷肥（P₂O₅）9.67 kg、钾肥（K₂O）42.11 kg。现代资源化模式的成功运用不仅可以提高居民生活水平，还能满足可持续发展要求，降低家庭废物处理成本的同时，实现资源就地回用，具有较高的工程应用和推广价值。

英文摘要:

In order to adapt to rural residents'pursuit of a modern lifestyle,conforming to trends in sustainable development combined with the actual situation in rural areas in China,a modern resource-oriented model (MRM) based on the technical procedure of "Vacuum system-Source separation-Local reuse" is proposed as a solution for the disposal and utilization of feces and urine in rural households.A natural village was selected and a demonstration project serving 20 households was built for feasibility study.In the scheme,a combined multistage anaerobic fermentation and fertilizer production process was adopted to conduct hazard-free treatment of the separatelycollected vacuum toilet waste,which was subsequently reused on nearby farmland.Properties of the vacuum toilet waste and the operational status of the facility were examined regularly.After 32 months of operation,the facility was cleaned and sampled for analysis.The results showed that no clogging,overflow nor leakage occurred in the facility and the sludge was fully stable and did not exceed 20% of the total effective height of the facility,which was characterized by simple maintenance and a long cleaning cycle.No live parasite eggs were detected in the effluent and sediment of the facility,and the fecal coliform value was ≥ 10^-4,which meets the sanitary standards of Hygienic Requirements for Harmless Disposal of Night Soil(GB 7959-2012).The total nutrient content of the effluent and sediment were 0.18% and 0.43%,respectively,and the organic matter content was 0.05% and 2.65%,respectively.The effluent and sludge produced each year could replace 161.19 kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N),9.67 kg of phosphorus fertilizer (P₂O₅) and 42.11 kg of potassium fertilizer (K₂O).The successful application of MRM not only can improve the living standards of residents in rural China,but also can meet the requirements of sustainable development,reduce the cost of household waste treatment and achieve local reuse of resources,which has high engineering application and promotional value.

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