惠州市畜禽养殖污染耕地承载负荷估算及风险评价

宋江燕; 吴根义; 苏文幸; 佘磊; 马晓蕊; 柳王荣; 袁俊杰

文章摘要

惠州市畜禽养殖污染耕地承载负荷估算及风险评价

Carrying load estimation and risk assessment of cultivated land contaminated by livestock and poultry breeding in Huizhou

Received:June 13, 2020

DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2020.0312

中文关键词: 惠州市，畜禽，养殖污染，承载负荷，耕地，风险评价

英文关键词: Huizhou, livestock and poultry, breeding pollution, carrying load, cultivated land, risk assessment

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0501410）；广东省自然科学基金项目（2018A030310681）

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
SONG Jiang-yan	College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
WU Gen-yi	College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the PRC, Guangzhou 510655, China
SU Wen-xing	South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the PRC, Guangzhou 510655, China
SHE Lei	South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the PRC, Guangzhou 510655, China
MA Xiao-rui	South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the PRC, Guangzhou 510655, China
LIU Wang-rong	South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the PRC, Guangzhou 510655, China	lwr179@126.com
YUAN Jun-jie	College of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China

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中文摘要:

为评估惠州市畜禽粪污耕地承载负荷及风险状况，根据最新统计年鉴中惠州市畜禽养殖数据，结合第二次全国污染源普查畜禽饲养期产污系数及粪污综合利用率，估算了2018年惠州市畜禽粪污及主要污染物（COD、NH₃-N、TN、TP）的产排量，并基于各区（县）实际耕地面积对粪污、TN和TP的耕地承载负荷进行估算和风险评价。结果表明： 2018年惠州市畜禽养殖粪污产生量1.51×10⁶ t，排放量达4.44×10⁵ t，各畜禽贡献占比排序为生猪（50.3%)>肉鸡（17.2%） > 肉牛（14.3%） > 蛋鸡（13.4%） > 奶牛（4.8%）；主要污染物产生量为2.61×10⁸ kg，排放量为7.66×10⁷ kg，其中畜牧大县博罗县排放量最大，占比42.9%；全市畜禽粪污、TN和TP的耕地承载负荷分别为7.69 t·hm^-2、65.38 kg·hm^-2和15.63 kg·hm^-2，粪污和TN警报级别均为Ⅰ级，TP警报级别为Ⅱ级，对周围环境威胁小，惠州市可以通过种养平衡规划提升畜禽粪污的资源化利用水平。

英文摘要:

With the rapid development of the livestock and poultry breeding industry in Huizhou, Guangdong Province, improper utilization of livestock and poultry fecal sewage may pollute cultivated land and even affect the drinking water source in the Dongjiang basin through surface runoff. In order to assess the carrying loads and risks of livestock and poultry fecal sewage in the cultivated land of Huizhou, this study collected the latest statistical yearbook data of livestock and poultry breeding in Huizhou and the second national survey of pollution sources. According to these data, the production and emissions of livestock and poultry fecal sewage and major pollutants(COD, NH₃-N, TN, and TP) in 2018 were calculated using the method of the production and discharge coefficient. The cultivated land carrying loads and environmental risks of livestock and poultry fecal sewage, TN, and TP were then estimated and assessed based on the actual cultivated land area of each district(county). The results showed that in 2018, the quantity of poultry fecal sewage produced by livestock and poultry breeding in Huizhou was 1.51×10⁶ t with emissions reaching 4.44×10⁵ t, and the contribution proportion and its order for each livestock and poultry animal was pig(50.3%) > broiler(17.2%) > beef(14.3%) > layer(13.4%) > cow(4.8%). Moreover, the production and emissions of major pollutants totaled 2.61×10⁸ kg and 7.66×10⁷ kg, respectively. Among all the districts(counties), Boluo had the largest emission of fecal sewage because of its large scale livestock and poultry breeding, which accounted for 42.9%. The cultivated land carrying loads of livestock and poultry fecal sewage, TN, and TP in Huizhou were 7.69 t×hm^-2, 65.38 kg×hm^-2, and 15.63 kg×hm^-2, respectively. The alarm grading levels for poultry fecal sewage and TN were level Ⅰ, whereas that for TP was level Ⅱ, and the threats caused by them to the surrounding environment were small. Thus, the resource utilization of livestock and poultry waste needs to be strengthened continuously through balance planning for planting and breeding.

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