基于多目标元素的重金属低累积水稻品种筛选及其吸收转运特征

冯爱煊; 贺红周; 李娜; 李伟; 魏世强; 蒋珍茂

文章摘要

基于多目标元素的重金属低累积水稻品种筛选及其吸收转运特征

Screening of rice varieties with low accumulation of heavy metals based on multiple target elements and their absorption and transport characteristics in rice plants

Received:December 17, 2019

DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2019.0617

中文关键词: 水稻品种，重金属，基因型，累积，分配，食品安全

英文关键词: rice varieties, heavy metals, genotype, accumulation, distribution, food safety

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0800600）；重庆市科学技术委员会重点研发计划项目（cstc2017shms-zdyfX0008）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（XDJK2018B045）

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
FENG Ai-xuan	College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing 400715, China
HE Hong-zhou	Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Chongqing 401147, China
LI Na	College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing 400715, China
LI Wei	Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Chongqing 401147, China
WEI Shi-qiang	College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing 400715, China	sqwei@swu.edu.cn
JIANG Zhen-mao	College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing 400715, China	windring@swu.edu.cn

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中文摘要:

选择重庆市主推的13个水稻品种为受试对象，采用田间原位小区试验，比较不同基因型水稻品种籽粒对镉（Cd）、砷（As）、铅（Pb）、铬（Cr）等潜在危害大的重金属元素累积的差异，分析其在水稻植株各部位的转运与分配特征及其与籽粒吸收累积的关系，筛选多目标元素低积累品种，为水稻安全生产提供依据。结果表明：不同水稻品种籽粒Cd、As、Pb和Cr含量极值相差分别超过3、4、20倍和3倍，同一品种对不同重金属元素的累积能力也存在很大差异，重金属低累积水稻品种筛选需以多种污染元素为目标。运用重金属综合累积指数P_Z，将供试水稻品种重金属综合累积能力分为低（P_Z<0.7）、中等（0.7 ≤ P_Z < 1.0）和高（P_Z≥1.0）三类，其中Y两优1号、隆两优534和隆两优华占为重金属低累积品种。水稻品种基因型差异对重金属累积的影响以籽粒最大、茎叶部和根部次之。茎叶向籽粒的转运系数TF_SL-G是水稻基因型差异的重要体现，与籽粒重金属含量呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。13种供试水稻平均产量在5.85~10.61 t·hm^-2之间，极值相差44.8%，产量较高的6个水稻品种的产量均超过9.00 t·hm^-2；平均穗粒数差异是决定产量的主要因素。兼顾水稻产量与籽粒重金属累积情况，推荐隆两优534、Y两优1号、袁两优908和渝香203品种为重庆地区适宜品种，既能获得高产也利于水稻安全生产。

英文摘要:

In order to obtain rice varieties with low accumulation of heavy metals for safe rice production, an in-situ field experiment was conducted in Chongqing. The accumulation capacity for heavy metals, including Cd, As, Pb, and Cr, of the 13 main rice cultivars with different genotypes was compared, and the characteristics of heavy metal absorption, translocation, and distribution in rice plants in relation to the heavy metal contents in rice grains were analyzed. The results showed that the extreme values of the Cd, As, Pb, and Cr contents in rice grains of different rice varieties varied by more than 3, 4, 20, and 3 times, respectively, and the accumulative capacity of the same variety for different heavy metals was also significantly different. Thus, multiple elements should be considered while screening for rice varieties with a poor ability of accumulating heavy metals. The heavy metal comprehensive accumulation index(P_Z)was adopted to evaluate the heavy metal accumulation ability of rice varieties. The 13 rice varieties were divided into three categories, namely low(P_Z< 0.7), medium (0.7 ≤ P_Z < 1.0), and high (P_Z ≥ 1.0) cumulative capacity. Among them, Y Liangyou 1, Longliangyou 534, and Longliangyouhuazhan accounted for low cumulative varieties. The genotype differences related to heavy metal accumulation in rice plants of different varieties were mainly reflected by rice grains, followed by the stem/leaf and root. The transport coefficient was an important manifestation of rice genotype differences, and was positively correlated with the content of heavy metals in rice grains(P<0.01). The yields of the 13 rice varieties ranged from 5.85 t·hm^-2 to 10.61 t·hm^-2 with a maximum variation of 44.8%. The yields of the top six rice varieties exceeded 9.00 t·hm^-2, and the average grain number per panicle was found to be the main yield determining factor. Longliangyou 534, Y Liangyou 1, Yuanliangyou 908, and Yuxiang 203 are recommended as suitable varieties in Chongqing in consideration of both rice yield and heavy metal accumulation ability, which can not only achieve a high yield, but also safe rice production.

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