蘑菇渣腐熟微生物组方研究

陈智坤; 路强强; 任英英; 张昭; 赵宁; 黄标

文章摘要

蘑菇渣腐熟微生物组方研究

Study on microbiological formula of spent mushroom compost

Received:July 17, 2018

DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2018.0188

中文关键词: 蘑菇渣，微生物组方，腐熟效果

英文关键词: spent mushroom compost, microbial formula, decomposition effect

基金项目:西安市科技计划项目（2017127SF/SF021）；陕西省科技厅重点研发计划项目（2017ZDXM-NY-049）；陕西省科学院科技计划项目（2017K-15-01，2018K-11）

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
CHEN Zhi-kun	Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province/Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710061, China Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, Xi'an 710061 Key Laboratory of Soil Resources & Biotech Applications, Shaanxi Province Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
LU Qiang-qiang	Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province/Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710061, China Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, Xi'an 710061 Key Laboratory of Soil Resources & Biotech Applications, Shaanxi Province Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
REN Ying-ying	Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province/Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710061, China Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, Xi'an 710061 Key Laboratory of Soil Resources & Biotech Applications, Shaanxi Province Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
ZHANG Zhao	Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province/Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710061, China Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, Xi'an 710061 Key Laboratory of Soil Resources & Biotech Applications, Shaanxi Province Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
ZHAO Ning	Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province/Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710061, China Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, Xi'an 710061 Key Laboratory of Soil Resources & Biotech Applications, Shaanxi Province Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
HUANG Biao	Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province/Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710061, China Key Laboratory of Soil Resources & Biotech Applications, Shaanxi Province Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China	1bhuang@issas.ac.cn

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中文摘要:

为实现蘑菇渣的资源化利用，采用7种常见腐熟微生物菌株，研究了不同微生物复配对蘑菇渣腐熟效果的影响。结果表明：处理组T₁₄（蜡状芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、甲基营养型芽孢杆菌、多黏类芽孢杆菌、绿色木霉和黑曲霉）与其他处理组相比具有更好的腐熟效果，发酵堆体温度最高达到63℃，≥ 55℃持续时间长达12 d，有效活菌数达0.26亿cfu·g^-1，均优于其他处理，pH值和色泽也达要求；腐熟后氮、磷、钾总养分均有显著提高，其中全氮含量提高了36%，达到21.1 g·kg^-1；全磷（P₂O₅）含量提高了66%，达到10.1 g·kg^-1；全钾（K₂O）含量提高了38%，达到25.9 g·kg^-1；有机质降解后含量降至585.4 g·kg^-1。植物种子萌发与生长试验表明，高羊茅和黑麦草的种子发芽指数（GI）均大于0.85，分别为1.21、1.14，高羊茅的茎长和地上鲜质量分别增加了24.4%和29.3%，黑麦草的茎长和地上鲜质量分别增加了33.3%和36.8%。蘑菇渣堆肥产品养分含量满足国家标准要求，能显著促进植物生长，是一种前景广阔的新兴有机肥产品，具有巨大的应用价值和广阔的市场前景。

英文摘要:

In order to realize the recycling use of spend mushroom compost, the experiment of 7 common decomposition microorganisms mixtures on the mushroom residue maturity were conducted in this study. The results showed that the group T₁₄ which included Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megatrium, Bacillus methylotrophicus, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Trichoderma viride, and Asprgillus niger had a better decomposition effect than others. There had three advantage about T₁₄:The duration over 55℃ were 12 days, the number of live bacteria could reach 2.6×10⁷ cfu·g^-1 and the pH value and color could be also qualified. There was a significant improvement about the nutrient contents after matured. The contents of TN,TP,TK were 21.1, 10.1 g·kg^-1 and 25.9 g·kg^-1 which increased 36%, 66%, and 38% respectively.The organic matter content reduced to 585.4 g·kg^-1 after degradation; The results of seed germination and growth test stated that the germination index (GI) of tall fescue seed and perennial ryegrass seed were 1.21 and 1.14, respectively (>0.85). The stem length and the fresh weight of tall fescue and the perennial ryegrass were increased 24.4%, 29.3% and 33.3%, 36.8%, respectively.The nutrient content of the spent mushroom compost met the requirements of national standards, and significantly promoted plant growth. It was a promising organic fertilizer which had great application value and broad market prospects.

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