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| “美丽乡村”建设所面临的生态景观问题及对策——对全国乡村生态景观问卷调研结果的思考 |
| Ecological and Landscape Issues in the“Beautiful Countryside”Campaign and the Recommended Solutions——Based on the Results of a Nationwide Rural Environmental Questionnaire Survey |
| Received:February 06, 2015 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2015.0050 |
| 中文关键词: 乡村景观建设;乡村人居环境;农田基础设施;空心化 |
| 英文关键词: rural landscape construction;rural human settlement;farmland infrastructure;hollowed villages |
| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAJ24B05) |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | ZHANG Qian | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China | | | HAN Le-ran | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China | | | ZHAO Ying-jie | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China | | | HE Ming-chan | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China | | | YU Zhen-rong | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China | yuzhr@cau.edu.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| “美丽乡村”创建活动正在全国范围内开展,了解不同地域乡村生态景观存在的问题,有利于针对性地促进“美丽乡村”的建设.通过对全国范围内1 107个村庄进行的生态景观问卷调研,评价了不同地域乡村村庄生态景观建设方面存在的问题.结果显示,(1)调研乡村对自身发展各方面的评价均不理想,仅“民生和谐”达到满意程度,乡村旅游发展不满意程度最高;乡村特色缺失严重,产业发展、经济建设和生态环境方面有待改善;(2)乡村居民点空心化已成为普遍现象,可作为乡村景观建设的潜在资源;(3)村庄污水排放、垃圾处理和村庄绿化方面均有待改善;(4)农田沟路林渠生态景观基础设施存在绿化不足、过度硬化、沟渠废弃、林网不完善、缺乏管理等问题;(5)各地区间比较,华东地区在乡村生态景观建设方面情况最好.针对这些问题,应从开展乡村景观特征评价、治理居民点空心化、加强村庄人居环境和景观建设、创新农田基础设施管护制度、加快乡村生态景观和生态修复工程技术研发和应用几个方面来综合解决. |
| 英文摘要: |
| As the“Beautiful countryside”campaign is carried out nationally, it is important to understand the ecological and landscape problems in different regions, which is helpful for the campaign. Based on a nationwide questionnaire survey on rural environment conducted in 1 107 villages, this paper assessed rural ecological and landscape issues in different regions. The results showed: (1) the investigated villages were not satisfied with their own development in many aspects except the“harmonious livelihood”, and the least satisfied aspect was rural tourism; lack of characters existed in many villages, economic development, ecological and environmental problems needed to improve; (2) the hollowed villages was already a common phenomenon in rural settlements, which could be a potential resource for landscape construction; (3) wastewater discharge and garbage disposal, as well as greening also needed to be improved; (4) problems in farmland ecological and landscape infrastructures included lack of greening, over hardening of road pavement and ditch revetment, abandonment of ditches, incomplete of shelterbelt network and lack of maintenance; and (5) among regions, rural ecological and landscape condition was the best in East China area. To solve these problems, we recommended several solutions, including promoting research on rural landscape character assessment, remediation of hollowed villages, enhancing the rural human settlement construction, innovating rural environmental and ecological stewardship regimes, and facilitating research and application on rural landscape and ecological rehabilitation engineering projects. |
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