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| 夏季东海区带鱼的网具选择性试验研究 |
| Nets Selectivity of Capsule Size Diamond Mesh of Trichiurus haumela in East China Sea During Summer |
| 投稿时间：2016-03-23 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2016.0073 |
| 中文关键词: 东海 带鱼 菱形网目 渔具选择性 海水温度 |
| 英文关键词: East China Sea hairtail diamond mesh fishing gear selectivity water temperature |
| 基金项目:公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201203018） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 黄洪亮 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所, 农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室, 上海 200090
上海海洋大学海洋科学学院, 上海 201306 | | | 唐峰华 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所, 农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室, 上海 200090 | | | 陈雪忠 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所, 农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室, 上海 200090 | xuezhong@eastfishery.ac.cn | | 张衡 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所, 农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室, 上海 200090 | | | 李灵智 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所, 农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室, 上海 200090 | | | 宋学峰 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所, 农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室, 上海 200090
上海海洋大学海洋科学学院, 上海 201306 | | | 张胜茂 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所, 农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室, 上海 200090 | | | 王德虎 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所, 农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室, 上海 200090
上海海洋大学海洋科学学院, 上海 201306 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 由于渔业高强度捕捞压力及频繁的海洋工程导致近海海洋环境恶化，东海带鱼（Trichiurus haumela）资源量发生了严重衰退。为可持续利用东海带鱼资源，于2014年夏季8月在东海区渔场采用底拖网菱形目50、55、60、65、70、75 mm和80 mm对带鱼的逃逸率网具选择性进行试验研究，采用套网法对不同尺寸的囊网网目的选择性进行了分析比较。结果表明：带鱼渔获物肛长范围为55～283 mm，平均肛长为159 mm，优势肛长组为140～190 mm，囊网中带鱼渔获的主要肛长组分布在140～220 mm，在套网中主要肛长分布在130～190 mm；随着网目由小变大，囊网中带鱼的平均肛长、体质量也逐渐变大；在数量和体质量逃逸率方面，随着网目增大整体呈先降低后上升的趋势；由于其他非目标渔获和带鱼体型容易挂网的特点，造成囊网中渔获积累产生的堵塞效应，严重影响相关网目中带鱼的逃逸率；根据带鱼的50%选择体长（L0.5）与不同网目尺寸拟合的直线：L0.5=2.241 9M+17.503（r=0.930）。以此利用推测的拟合线性关系，并参考相关文献得出的带鱼雌雄个体的L0.5标准反向推出，捕捞雌性带鱼L0.5的最小网目尺寸为65.63 mm，雄性带鱼L0.5的最小网目尺寸为68.76 mm。运用现行可捕标准以及渔业生产，故建议专门用于捕捞带鱼的拖网网目尺寸至少为65mm。同时研究表明海水温度变化对带鱼的体质量资源密度与尾数资源密度的分布有一定影响，其为影响渔具选择性的重要自然因素之一。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Because of the fishing pressure and frequent marine engineering lead to the deterioration of the offshore marine environment, hair-tail (Trichiurus haumela)resource was in a serious recession in East China Sea. For sustainable use of hairtail resource, a bottom trawl inves-tigation was conducted for selective test hairtail by using diamond mesh 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75 mm and 80 mm in the East China Sea in sum-mer 2014. Selectivity for different sizes of codend was analyzed and compared by using the method of set of network. The results showed that hairtail fish anal long range was 55~283 mm, the average anal was 159 mm long, advantage anal group was 140~190 mm long. The main anal codend hairtail fish long group distributed in 140~220 mm and major sets of anal distribution was in 130~190 mm long. Longer the average anal codend hairtail, body quality also increased gradually, as the mesh changed from small to big. The quantity and quality of body escape rate first decreased and then increased as the mesh increased. Because other non-target fish and shape of hairtail easy to hang net, the blocking effect of codend catches accumulation caused serious impact on relevant hairtail escape rate in the mesh. Chose the length according to 50% of hairtail (L0.5)with different mesh sizes fitting straight line: L0.5=2.241 9M+17.503 (r=0.930), speculated the minimum mesh size of female hairtail catch L0.5 was 65.63 mm and the minimum mesh size of male hairtail L0.5 was 68.76 mm. Therefore suggested that specially used for fishing hairtail trawl mesh size was at least 65 mm,against to the current standards and fishery production. The study also indicat-ed the water temperature (surface temperature and bottom temperature)had effects on the distribution of hairtail mass density and man-tissa resources density. So seawater temperature was one of the important factors influencing the fishing gear selectivity. |
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