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| 不同氮肥管理方式对华北粮田N2O排放和作物产量的影响分析 |
| Effects of Different Nitrogen Management Methods on Soil N2O Emission and Crop Yield of Grain Field in North China |
| 投稿时间：2016-02-03 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2016.0037 |
| 中文关键词: 小麦 玉米 氮肥 不同管理方式 N2O排放 产量 |
| 英文关键词: wheat maize nitrogen fertilizer different management methods N2O emission crop yield |
| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目（2013BAD11B）；国家重点基础研究发展计划项目（2012CB955904）；国家自然科学基金项目（41105115）；河北农业大学青年学术带头人项目；河北省自然科学基金项目（C2016204078） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过华北小麦和玉米田已发表文献分析，明确不同施氮量、氮肥基追比及氮素调控措施对土壤N2O排放和作物产量的影响。结果表明：高氮水平下减少氮肥用量并调整基追比有助于减少土壤N2O排放；添加硝化抑制剂双氰胺（DCD）对小麦和玉米产量的提高和土壤N2O的减排效果均较好。兼顾华北粮田N2O减排和作物产量，小麦季推荐合理施氮量167～174 kg·hm-2，基追比1∶1，添加DCD，土壤N2O总排放量为 0.31 kg·hm-2，籽粒产量6200 kg·hm-2以上；玉米季推荐合理施氮量177～181 kg·hm-2，基追比2∶3～1∶2，添加DCD，土壤N2O总排放量1.70 kg·hm-2，籽粒产量9000 kg·hm-2以上。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Through the published literature analysis of wheat and maize field in North China, this study investigated the effects of different management methods of nitrogen(N) application rates, basal/topdressing ratios and N control measures on the soil N2O emission and crop yield. The results showed that reducing N application rates and adjusting basal/top dressing ratios under high N level could decrease soil N2O emissions. Besides, N application with nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide(DCD) was an effective practice for wheat/maize yield enhancement and soil N2O emission reduction. In order to reduce the soil N2O emission as well as ensure crop yield production in North China, the optimal N application rate of 167~174 kg·hm-2 at basal/top dressing ratio 1:1 with DCD was recommended for wheat production. As a result, soil N2O total emission was 0.31 kg·hm-2 and wheat grain yield reached more than 6200 kg·hm-2. For maize production, the optimal N application rate of 177~181 kg·hm-2 at basal/top dressing ratios 2:3~1:2 with DCD was regarded as the best practice. Soil N2O total emission was 1.70 kg·hm-2 and maize grain yield exceeded 9000 kg·hm-2. |
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