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| 不同经营主体地膜使用及回收处理情况的调查研究 |
| Mulch film consumption, residual film recovery, and treatment for different agricultural business entities |
| 投稿时间：2021-11-10 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2021.0781 |
| 中文关键词: 地膜，经营主体，地膜回收，问卷调查 |
| 英文关键词: plastic film, agricultural business entity, plastic film recovery, questionnaire investigation |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划课题（2021YFD1700700） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了调研不同经营主体地膜使用及回收处理情况，系统探讨不同经营方式对地膜使用及回收处理的影响，本研究以我国北方三省份（辽宁省、内蒙古自治区、甘肃省）为调研对象，通过发放调查问卷的方式调查了普通农户、种植大户（种植面积大于6.67hm2）和合作社三类经营主体的地膜使用情况（平均覆膜率、地膜使用强度、地膜厚度和主要作物覆膜率等）及地膜回收情况（回收作业率、回收方式和回收后地膜的处理方式）。结果表明，三个省份采用地膜覆盖技术的主要作物是玉米、露地蔬菜、马铃薯、向日葵、花生；从覆膜率来看，种植大户、合作社分别比普通农户高7.54、8.50个百分点；从地膜使用强度来看，合作社地膜使用强度最高，平均为86.41kg·hm-2，分别比普通农户和种植大户高4.37%、19.81%；从地膜厚度来看，不同经营主体使用的地膜厚度大致相同；从地膜回收的机械化捡拾程度来看，合作社最高，为48.29%，分别比普通农户、种植大户高27.85、10.92个百分点；从地膜回收作业率来看，不同经营主体均高于85%，其中普通农户、合作社较种植大户分别高1.04、1.65个百分点。研究表明，合作社和种植大户等规模化、组织化的经营主体更倾向于使用地膜覆盖技术，其使用和回收处理行为对环境更友好，因此，推进发展新型经营主体能够有效促进解决地膜污染问题。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Investigating the use and recycling of plastic films by different agricultural business entities can systematically determine the impact of different business modes on the use and recycling of plastic film and provide suggestions for the prevention and control of related pollution. Therefore, three provinces in northern China（Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, and Gansu）were selected as sites to investigate the use and recycling of plastic film by traditional farmers, stakeholders of large farms（planting area>6.67 hm2）, and cooperatives. In this study, the average mulching area, intensity of mulching plastic film used, mulching thickness, and coverage rate of main crops were investigated to determine the characteristics of mulch film use for different agricultural business entities. The recovery operation rate, recovery methods, and treatment of plastic film after recovery were considered to compare the characteristics of methods of recycling plastic film. The main crops covered by plastic film in the three provinces were corn, open field vegetables, potatoes, sunflowers, and peanuts. Compared with traditional farmers, the rate of plastic film mulching was 7.54 percent points for stakeholders of large farms and 8.50 percent points higher for cooperatives. Cooperatives had the highest-intensity use of mulching plastic film 86.41 kg·hm-2 on average, which was 4.37% and 19.81% higher, respectively, than those of traditional farmers and stakeholders of large farms. No substantial differences were observed in the thickness of the mulch film used in different agricultural business entities. Cooperatives had the highest mechanization rate（48.29%） for plastic film recovery, which was 27.85 percent points and 10.92 percent points higher than those of traditional farmers and stakeholders of large farms, respectively. The plastic film recycling operation rates were higher than 85% for all kinds of agricultural business entities, with traditional farmers and cooperatives having rates that were 1.04 percent points and 1.65 percent points higher, respectively, than those of stakeholders in large farms. Our results showed that large-scale and organized operators, such as cooperatives and stakeholders in large farms, are more inclined to use plastic film mulching technology, and their use and recycling behaviors are more environmentally friendly. Promoting the development of new operators can thus effectively solve the problem of plastic film pollution. |
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