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| 叶面喷施铁基纳米材料对大豆生长的影响及机制研究 |
| Mechanistic study on the effect of foliar-applied, iron-based nanomaterials on the growth of soybean |
| 投稿时间：2020-12-15 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2020.0748 |
| 中文关键词: 铁基纳米材料，Fe-EDTA，光合作用，蔗糖转运，养分吸收，大豆 |
| 英文关键词: iron-based nanomaterials, Fe-EDTA, photosynthesis, sucrose transport, nutrient uptake, soybean |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目（41820104009）；国家自然科学基金青年科学基金（42007299）；中国博士后科学基金（2020M671338）；江苏省博士后基金（2020Z402） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究叶面喷施铁基纳米材料（NMs）对作物生长的影响及其潜在机制，利用水培试验探究了两种铁基NMs（γ-Fe2O3 NMs和Fe3O4 NMs）和Fe-EDTA对大豆生长的影响。先通过叶面喷施不同浓度（0、1、10、50 mg·L-1）的铁基NMs，确定最佳施用浓度（10 mg·L-1），再在最佳施用浓度下，比较两种NMs与Fe-EDTA对大豆生长和蔗糖转运的作用效果及机制。结果表明，叶面喷施不同浓度铁基NMs对大豆地上部和地下部干质量、根长、根尖数、根体积均有促进作用，且效果随着浓度的升高呈现先增加后降低的趋势。10 mg·L-1为铁基NMs促进大豆生长的最佳浓度，且不同处理组的促生效果表现为γ-Fe2O3 NMs>Fe3O4 NMs>螯合铁肥（相同含铁量的Fe-EDTA）。铁基NMs的缓释性及高表面活性使其比Fe-EDTA具有更高的生物可利用性，γ-Fe2O3 NMs处理的大豆根、茎、叶中铁含量是等量Fe-EDTA处理的1.29、1.09、1.24倍；10 mg·L-1 γ-Fe2O3 NMs、Fe3O4 NMs、Fe-EDTA处理下，大豆净光合速率与对照组相比分别增加了62.7%、41.5%、30.7%，铁基NMs对大豆叶片蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间二氧化碳浓度的促进效果也明显高于Fe-EDTA；铁基NMs通过调控蔗糖转运相关基因（GmSWEET 15、GmSUT 2）的表达量，促进光合产物向根部的运输，增加大豆根冠比，促进根部养分（S、P、Ca、Mn、Cu）吸收。研究表明，叶面喷施纳米铁肥能够促进作物生长、蔗糖转运及养分吸收，且相对于传统铁肥其促进效果更为显著（P < 0.05），这为铁基纳米肥在农业生产中的应用提供了理论依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| : In order to elucidate the effect of iron-based nanomaterials(NMs)on soybean growth and its related mechanisms, different concentrations(0, 1, 10 mg·L-1, and 50 mg·L-1)of γ - Fe2O3 NMs and Fe3O4 NMs were sprayed on the leaf of soybean cultured in hydroponic conditions. During the experiments, Fe-EDTA(10 mg·L-1)was used as control to compare the performance and related mechanisms of the soybean growth promotion by nanofertilizer and conventional fertilizers. Foliar-applied, iron-based NMs enhanced the shoot and root biomass, root length, root tips numbers, and root bulk of soybean. The biomass increased initially and decreased afterwards with the increase in iron-based NM concentration. All the treatments at 10 mg·L-1 exhibited the best performance for soybean growth in the order of γ-Fe2O3 NMs>Fe3O4 NMs>Fe-EDTA. Iron-based NMs exhibited higher bioavailability than Fe-EDTA due to the slow-release feature and high surface activity. The iron content in soybean roots, stems, and leaves after exposure to 10 mg·L-1 γ-Fe2O3 NMs was 1.29-, 1.09-, and 1.24 -fold of that of an equal quantity of iron in Fe-EDTA exposure. The net photosynthetic rate of soybean exposed to 10 mg·L-1 γ-Fe2O3 NMs, Fe3O4 NMs, and Fe-EDTA was increased by 62.7%, 41.5%, and 30.7%, respectively, compared with the control. The transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and intracellular CO2 concentration of soybean leaf exposed to iron-based NMs were all higher than in the Fe-EDTA treatment. Iron-based NMs up-regulated the sucrose transporter related genes(GmSWEET 15, GmSUT 2), increased the transport of photosynthate from leaf to root, and increased the root-shoot ratio, thereby enhancing the uptake of nutrients(S, P, Ca, Mn, and Cu). In conclusion, foliar application of iron-nanofertilizer(γ-Fe2O3 NMs)promoted the growth and nutrient uptake of soybean over conventional iron fertilizer. The results of this study provide a foundation for the application of iron-based NMs in promoting the growth of crops. |
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