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| 昆虫病原线虫对烟草根结线虫及蚜虫病虫害以及蚜茧蜂寄生的影响 |
| Effects of Entomopathogenic Nematodes on the Development of Root-knot Nematode and Aphid, and on the Parasitism of Aphid Parasitoid in Tobacco |
| 投稿时间：2016-10-10 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2016.0241 |
| 中文关键词: 昆虫病原线虫，根结线虫，烟蚜，蚜茧蜂，烟草 |
| 英文关键词: entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), root-knot nematodes, aphid, aphid parasitoid, tobacco |
| 基金项目:中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划项目（2014YN21） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 昆虫病原线虫（EPN）作为一类有潜力的生物防治物质，逐渐受到国内外学者的广泛关注。实验以烟草（Nicotiana tabacum）为研究对象，在人工控制条件下通过外源添加 EPN（Steinernema carpocapsae 和 Heterorhabditis bacteriophora），探究了 EPN 对烟草地下部根结线虫、地上部烟蚜（Myzus persicae）及烟蚜-蚜茧蜂（Aphidius gifuensis）关系等多重营养级的影响。结果表明：（1）在人工去除烟蚜条件下，施加昆虫病原线虫能显著降低烟草根中根结线虫的卵粒数（P<0.05）；在有烟蚜的条件下，S. carpocapsae 添加处理能显著降低烟草根中根结线虫的卵粒数或者卵粒指数（P<0.05）；（2）无论 EPN 添加与否，烟蚜种群生长曲线均很好地符合 Logistic 增长模型，达到平台期的时间为 5~6 d；对照组、S. carpocapsae 虫尸剂添加和 H. bacteriophora 虫尸剂添加这 3 种条件下，蚜虫种群的环境容纳量分别为 89.6、99.8 头·株-1 和 76.6 头·株-1，而与之对应的烟草地上部干重分别为 0.996、3.258 g·株-1 和 1.643 g·株-1，这一结果表明 EPN 添加降低了单位质量烟草叶片上烟蚜的环境容纳量；（3）蚜茧蜂投放早期（2、4、6 d），投放 EPN 处理组间的僵蚜数目差异显著（P<0.05），S. Carpocapsae 虫尸剂处理组显著低于 H. bacteriophora 虫尸剂处理组。研究结果表明，EPN 添加可影响烟草地下部根结线虫的繁殖，也可通过“bottom-up”途径影响烟草叶面烟蚜的种群增长以及蚜茧蜂的寄生行为，且这些影响效果与 EPN 种类有关。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Entomopathogenic nematodes(EPN) which is recognized as a kind of potential biological control material have been paid more and more attention in recent years. In the present study, we selected tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum) as the object to study the effects of EPN (Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora)on the development of root-knot nematodes and aphid (Myzus persicae), and on the parasitism of aphid parasitoid (Aphidius gifuensis) in tobacco. The results showed that (1)Under the condition of the artificial removal of aphids, the number of egg per plant was significantly lower under the EPN treatments than control treatment(P<0.05). If the experiment had aphids, the number of egg per plant or egg index was significantly lower under S. carpocapsae treatment than the other treatments(P<0.05); (2)Under these treatments, the population growth curves fitted the Logistic model significantly, and took 5~6 days to reach the plateau phase. The environmental capacity and the aboveground biomass of control treatment, S.carpocapsae cadaver treatment and H. bacteriophora cadaver treatment were 89.6 individual·plant-1 and 0.996 g·plant-1, 99.8 individual·plant-1 and 3.258 g·plant-1, 76.6 individual·plant-1 and 1.643 g·plant-1, respectively, indicating that EPN treatment could decrease the number of aphids per mass; (3)On the first three observation dates, the number of aphid mummies was significantly lower under S. carpocapsae cadaver treatment than H. bacteriophora cadaver treatment. The results indicated that EPN treatments in tobacco could affect the development of root-knot nematode, and had impact on the development of aphids and the activities of aphid parasitoid by "bottom-up" approach, and these effects were affected by the species of EPN. |
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