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| 南方平原地区地膜使用与残留现状调查分析 |
| The Status Quo of Film Application and Residue in the Southern Plains of China |
| 投稿时间：2013-06-07 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 地膜使用 地膜残留 现状 影响因素 南方平原区 |
| 英文关键词: application of mulching film film residue status quo influential factors the Southern Plains of China |
| 基金项目:公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费资助(201003014) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 选取南方平原区7个省(自治区)作为研究对象,采用文献调研、问卷调查和典型样点采集的方法,对研究区域的地膜使用与残留现状进行了分析。结果表明,南方平原区地膜使用量和地膜覆盖面积都呈现逐年增加的趋势,地膜覆盖面积占耕地总面积的比例也表现出增加趋势,但都低于10%。研究区域内的覆膜作物主要有4类共19种作物,平均覆膜比例为74%,使用地膜的平均厚度为0.006 mm,地膜平均使用量为38.6 kg·hm-2。此外,在地膜使用后只有73.1%的地块中地膜被回收,回收的方式主要为人工拾捡,少数为人工拾捡与机械回收相结合的方式。南方平原区0~30 cm土层地膜残留量为14.28 kg·hm-2,残留的地膜主要集中在0~20 cm土层,约占0~30 cm土壤中残膜总量的78.9%。是否回收地膜是影响南方平原区地膜残留量高低的一个重要因素,回收地膜的地块地膜残留量显著低于不回收地膜的地块。不回收地膜时,地膜残留量与地膜累计使用量呈极显著的正相关关系,而回收地膜时,地膜残留量与地膜累计使用量无明显相关关系。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| With the application of mulching film technology since 1970s, a large amount of mulching film was accumulated in the field. Pollu-tion of mulching film has become more and more serious because its material is difficult to degrade bio-chemically. In this study, the authors adopted the methods of document research, questionnaire and typical sample collection to find out the present situation of film use and film residue in the Southern Plains of China. The studies showed that, the use and coverage of film was increasing year by year. The proportion of film coverage to total arable land also leaded an increasing trend, but less than 10%. There were four main categories of crops(i.e. strawberry, peanuts, cotton and vegetables)including nineteen kinds of crops covered by plastic film. The average ratio of area film was 74%. The aver-age of thickness used in agriculture was 0.006 mm, and the average amount was 38.6 kg·hm-2. In addition, most of land(73.1%)had recycled the film after they have been used. The hand picking was the main ways of recycling, but combining the hand picking and machine recycling was also used in a few lands. The weight of film residue in the soil of 0~30 cm was 14.28 kg·hm-2, and the residue film was mainly in the soil of 0~20 cm, almost occupied 78.9%of total residue film in the soil of 0~30 cm. Film recycling was a significant factor that affectted the weight of film residue in soil, and the weight in the recycled field was less than the one in the unrecycled field significantly. If unrecycled, the weight of film residue had a significantly positive relation with the total amount of mulching film used in agriculture. However, if recycling, the total amount of mulching film had little effect on the weight of film residue. |
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