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| Effects of fresh and aged maize straw-derived biochars on ammonia volatilization in a calcareous arable soil |
| Received:December 16, 2017 |
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| KeyWord:biochar;aged;ammonia volatilization;ammonia oxidation;adsorption |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | WANG Chao-xu | College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China
Innovation Center for Postgraduate Education in Municipal Engineering of Shanxi Province, Jinzhong 030600, China | | CHEN Shao-rong | College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China
Innovation Center for Postgraduate Education in Municipal Engineering of Shanxi Province, Jinzhong 030600, China | | ZHANG Feng | College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China
Innovation Center for Postgraduate Education in Municipal Engineering of Shanxi Province, Jinzhong 030600, China | | CUI Jian-guo | College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China
Innovation Center for Postgraduate Education in Municipal Engineering of Shanxi Province, Jinzhong 030600, China |
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| Abstract: |
| The object of this study was to examine the effects of maize-straw powder, fresh and aged maize straw-derived biochars (including spontaneous aging, high-temperature aging, and freeze-thaw cycles aging) on ammonia (NH3) volatilization in a typical Loess Plateau calcareous arable soil. The indoor static soil incubation experiment of 29 days was carried out after adding and evenly mixing 2% (in mass) of abovementioned materials into and with the soil sample to investigate the diurnal variation of soil NH3 volatilization rate and the cumulative NH3 volatilization of the soils during the whole incubation period. To unravel the mechanisms that control NH3 volatilization from the soil amended with different materials, the inorganic nitrogen content, ammonia oxidation rate, and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria amount of the soils were determined at the beginning and the end of incubation. Moreover, the NH4+-N adsorption characteristics of the materials were studied. The results indicated that all the materials inhibited NH3 volatilization of the calcareous arable soil. Compared with the soil without exogenous material added, the cumulative NH3 volatilization during the whole incubation period decreased by 30% in the freeze-thaw cycles aged or high-temperature aged biochar amended soil, decreased by 23% in the spontaneous aged or fresh biochar amended soil, and decreased by 19% in the maize-straw powder amended soil. The first 10 days after nitrogen fertilizer application was the main stage of NH3 volatilization, which accounted for more than 90% of the cumulative NH3 volatilization. The relatively stronger NH3 volatilization inhibition abilities of freeze-thaw cycles aged and high-temperature aged biochars were mainly attributed to their stronger abilities of ammonia oxidation promotion and NH4+-N adsorption. This study will be helpful for understanding the effects of returning fresh and aged maize straw-derived biochars back to farmland on soil NH3 volatilization. Moreover, the study will supply an effective way to reduce soil NH3 volatilization, and will provide a theoretical reference for the agricultural application of biochar in arable soils of the Loess Plateau. |
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