| 段琳博,蔡焕杰,孙亚楠,马静,杨楠.基于产量和N2O排放的温室番茄灌溉模式[J].农业环境科学学报,2024,43(1):202-213. |
| 基于产量和N2O排放的温室番茄灌溉模式 |
| Greenhouse tomato yield and N2O emissions based on irrigation model |
| 投稿时间：2023-03-16 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2023-0194 |
| 中文关键词: N2O排放 水肥气耦合 温室番茄 土壤 灌水量 施肥量 |
| 英文关键词: N2O emission water-fertilizer-air coupling greenhouse tomato soil irrigation water fertilizer application |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（52179046） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 段琳博 | 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100
西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室, 陕西 杨凌 712100 | | | 蔡焕杰 | 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100
西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室, 陕西 杨凌 712100 | huanjie@tom.com | | 孙亚楠 | 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100
西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室, 陕西 杨凌 712100 | | | 马静 | 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100
西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室, 陕西 杨凌 712100 | | | 杨楠 | 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100
西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室, 陕西 杨凌 712100 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了揭示设施菜地N2O排放的变化规律，了解水肥气耦合对设施菜地土壤N2O的影响，对不同水肥气处理进行综合评价，提出合理的减排措施。试验以番茄为供试作物，设置了灌水水平（I）、施肥水平（F）和加气水平（A）3个因素，以不加气（CK）充分灌溉条件下2个施肥水平为对照，设置I1和I2（分别为亏缺灌溉和充分灌溉，对应作物-皿系数（Kcp）分别为0.8和1.0）2个灌水水平，F1和F2（分别为低肥和高肥，对应施氮量为180 kg·hm-2和240 kg·hm-2）2个施肥水平，A1和A2（分别为1倍气和2倍气）2个加气水平，共10个处理。采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法对番茄全生育期N2O排放进行监测分析，系统研究水肥气耦合对温室番茄土壤N2O排放的影响及其影响因素。结果表明：灌水量和施肥量的增加均会增加土壤N2O排放通量，I2处理的N2O排放通量比I1处理平均增加14.79%（P>0.05），F2处理比F1处理平均增加34.90%（P<0.05）。加气灌溉对土壤N2O排放通量有显著影响，与CK处理相比，A1和A2处理分别增加10.02%（P>0.05）和62.92%（P<0.05）。土壤N2O排放通量与土壤充水孔隙度呈指数正相关关系，与NO3--N含量呈指数正相关关系，当土壤温度小于等于26 ℃时，N2O排放通量与土壤湿度呈指数正相关关系，土壤温度大于26 ℃时，呈线性负相关关系。综合考虑番茄产量、N2O 累积排放量、灌溉水分利用效率、氮肥偏生产力和单产 N2O 累积排放量，推荐施肥量为180 kg·hm-2的1倍气充分灌溉（Kcp=1.0）为温室番茄增产、节水、减排的较佳灌溉模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The objectives of this study were to investigate the changing patterns of N2O emissions from facility vegetable fields, understand the impact of water-fertilizer-gas coupling on soil N2O emissions, comprehensively evaluate different water-fertilizer-gas treatments, and propose effective measures for emission reduction. The experiment focused on tomatoes as the test crop, considering three factors：irrigation （I）, fertilizer（F）, and aeration（A）levels. Two fertilizer levels under full irrigation without aerated（CK）irrigation were set as the control. The study included two irrigation levels[I1 and I2：deficit irrigation and full irrigation, corresponding to crop-pan coefficients（Kcp）of 0.8 and 1.0, respectively], two fertilization levels（F1 and F2：low and high fertilization, corresponding to N application rates of 180 kg·hm-2 and 240 kg·hm-2, respectively）, and two aeration levels（A1 and A2：1 and 2 times gas, respectively）, resulting in a total of 10 treatments. N2O emissions from greenhouse tomato soils were monitored and analyzed throughout the tomato reproductive period using a static dark box-gas chromatography method. The aim was to investigate the effects of water-fertilizer-gas coupling on N2O emissions and analyze the influencing factors. The results indicated that increasing both irrigation water and fertilizer application led to an increase in soil N2O emission flux. The average N2O emission flux of the I2 treatment showed a 14.79% increase（P>0.05）compared to the I1 treatment, while the F2 treatment exhibited a 34.90% increase（P<0.05）compared to the F1 treatment. Aerated irrigation significantly affected soil N2O emission flux, with the A1 and A2 treatments showing a 10.02%（P>0.05）and 62.92%（P<0.05）increase, respectively, compared to the CK treatment. Overall, the soil N2O emission flux exhibited an exponential positive correlation with soil water-filled porosity, a positive exponential correlation when soil temperature was less than or equal to 26 ℃, a linear negative correlation when soil temperature exceeded 26 ℃, and an exponential positive correlation with NO3--N content. Based on considering tomato yield, cumulative N2O emissions, irrigation water use efficiency, nitrogen partial factor productivity, and cumulative N2O emissions per yield, the recommended irrigation mode for greenhouse tomatoes to optimize yield, water conservation, and emission reduction is 1-fold gas-sufficient irrigation（Kcp=1.0）with a fertilizer application rate of 180 kg·hm-2. |
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