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| 高标准农田示范区建设对耕地主要土壤养分的影响 |
| Influences of high-standard farmland demonstration area construction on the main soil nutrients of cultivated land |
| 投稿时间：2024-09-19 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0746 |
| 中文关键词: 高标准农田，耕地地力，克里格插值，土壤养分 |
| 英文关键词: high-standard farmland, cultivated land fertility, Kriging interpolation, soil nutrient |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41601213）；河南省农业科学院自主创新项目（2024ZC068） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究高标准农田示范区建设对耕地主要土壤养分的影响，本研究以河南省新乡市原阳县的20万亩（1亩=1/15 hm2）高标准农田示范区项目为研究区，利用297个地面采样点测得的土壤有机质（SOM）、有效磷（AP）、速效钾（AK）、pH等数据，经普通克里格插值（OK）后，按照国家土壤主要性状指标分级标准生成各指标的等级空间分布图，进而分析高标准农田建设前后土壤养分的空间分布及等级变化情况。结果表明，耕地中SOM、AP、AK的地面样点统计平均值建后比建前分别提高0.1 g·kg-1、0.77 mg· kg-1、1.52 mg·kg-1，土壤pH建前建后的值处于7.6~8.0范围，变化较小，呈弱碱性且建前建后基本保持稳定；空间变异分析中SOM、AP、AK、pH的块金系数均小于20%，研究区各土壤养分含量分布具有较强空间相关性。OK插值结果显示研究区耕地中SOM、AP、AK含量大部分区域分别在15 g·kg-1、20 mg·kg-1、100 mg·kg-1以上，均属中等（3级）及以上水平，且建前建后空间分布趋势基本一致，SOM、AP、AK的较高以上含量水平（1级+2级）所占面积建后比建前分别增加4.39%、13.72%、13.65%，低含量水平（5级）或较低含量水平（4级）所占面积建后比建前分别下降3.92%、18.52%、53.95%，说明高标准农田项目的实施提升了耕地中SOM、AP、AK高含量区域的分布面积，降低了低含量区域的分布面积，尤其是对耕地中AP、AK含量较低区域的提升效果比较明显，即对较差耕地的地力提升效果较明显。转移矩阵结果显示研究区耕地中SOM、AP、AK的含量均有较明显的小幅度提升，表明高标准农田项目的实施对研究区耕地SOM、AP、AK含量的等级分布提升效果较明显。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to study the impact of high-standard farmland demonstration area construction on the main soil nutrients of cultivated land, this study took the 200 000-mu high-standard farmland demonstration area project in Yuanyang County, Xinxiang City, Henan Province as the research area. Using soil organic matter（SOM）, available phosphorus（AP）, available potassium（AK）, and pH data measured by 297 ground sampling points, after ordinary Kriging interpolation（OK）, generate grade spatial distribution maps of each index according to the national soil main property index grading standards, and then analyzed the spatial distribution and grade change of soil nutrients before and after high-standard farmland construction. The results showed that the statistical average values of SOM, AP, and AK in cultivated land after construction were increased by 0.1 g·kg-1, 0.77 mg·kg-1, and 1.52 mg·kg-1 respectively compared with before construction. The values of soil pH before and after construction were in the range of 7.6-8.0, with a little change, showing weak alkalinity and basically remaining stable before and after construction. In the spatial variation analysis, the nugget coefficients of SOM, AP, AK, and pH were all less than 20%, and the distribution of soil nutrient content in the study area had a strong spatial correlation. The OK interpolation results showed that most of the areas of SOM, AP, and AK content in cultivated land in the study area were above 15 g·kg-1, 20 mg·kg-1, and 100 mg·kg-1 respectively, all belonging to medium（level 3）and above levels, and the spatial distribution trends before and after construction were basically the same. The areas occupied by higher or above content levels（level 1 + level 2）of SOM, AP, and AK after construction increased by 4.39%, 13.72%, and 13.65% respectively compared with before construction, and the areas occupied by low content levels（level 5）or relatively low content levels（level 4）after construction decreased by 3.92%, 18.52%, and 53.95% respectively compared with before construction. This indicated that through the implementation of high-standard farmland projects, the distribution area of high-content areas of SOM, AP, and AK in cultivated land had been increased, and the distribution area of low-content areas had been reduced. Especially, the improvement effect on the areas with lower AP and AK content in cultivated land was relatively obvious, that was, the improvement effect on the soil fertility of poorer cultivated land was relatively obvious. The transfer matrix results showed that the contents of SOM, AP, and AK in cultivated land in the study area all had a relatively obvious small increase, indicating that the implementation of high-standard farmland projects has a relatively obvious improvement effect on the grade distribution of SOM, AP, and AK contents in cultivated land in the study area. |
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