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| 不同发酵方式有机肥配施化肥对夏玉米产量、光温及养分吸收积累特性的影响 |
| Effects of various fermentation methods for organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer on the yield， light-temperature，and nutrient absorption and accumulation characteristics of summer maize |
| 投稿时间：2024-05-21 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0342 |
| 中文关键词: 夏玉米 产量 发酵方式 有机肥配施化肥 光温生理特性 养分转运与积累 |
| 英文关键词: summer maize yield fermentation method combined application of organic and chemical fertilizer photosynthetic and temperature physiological characteristic nutrient transport and accumulation |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划重点专项（2021YFD1700900）；河南省科技攻关项目（232102111119）；河南农业大学大学生创新训练计划项目（202410466071） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 王鸣腾 | 河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046 | | | 曾冲 | 河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046 | | | 杨东霞 | 洛阳市市场监管局产品质量检验检测中心, 河南 洛阳 471032 | | | 李帅 | 河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046 | | | 王梓萌 | 河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046 | | | 周明远 | 河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046 | | | 秦丁 | 河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046 | | | 王宜伦 | 河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046 | | | 盛开 | 河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046 | | | 李刚 | 河南农业大学机电工程学院, 郑州 450046 | | | 李岚涛 | 河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046 | lilantao@henau.edu.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究不同发酵方式有机肥配施化肥对夏玉米产量、光温生理及养分吸收积累特性的影响，本研究于2023年6—10月在河南省原阳县布置不同发酵方式有机肥配施化肥田间试验，设置不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（T1）、自然堆肥+化肥（T2）、水调控槽式堆肥+化肥（T3）、酸调控槽式堆肥+化肥（T4）和槽式堆肥+化肥（T5）六个处理，于夏玉米成熟期测定产量，并分别在大喇叭口期、吐丝期与灌浆期测定叶片 SPAD 值、冠层光合有效辐射及冠层温度，分析植株养分转运分配及养分吸收积累动态变化规律。结果表明：不同发酵方式有机肥配施化肥可提高夏玉米产量，T4处理最高，与T1相比，产量显著增加15.71%，较T2、T3和T5相比产量平均增幅为 7.07%。此外，T4处理显著增强了各生育时期夏玉米光温利用性能，叶片 SPAD值、冠层光合有效辐射较其他有机肥处理分别平均增加2.39、3.10、3.23个SPAD单位和10.65%、7.94%、5.23%，冠层温度则平均降低5.42%、4.08%和6.54%。T4处理明显增加了夏玉米地上部植株氮磷钾积累量，提高其花前钾素转运量、转运率及对籽粒贡献率和花后氮、磷素转运量以及花后氮、磷素对籽粒贡献率。Logistics回归方程拟合结果显示，氮、磷、钾素吸收总量和平均吸收速率均以T4最佳，较T1分别提高了42.09%、40.76%、33.01%和0.45、0.23、0.75 kg·hm-2·d-1。本试验条件下采用酸调控槽式堆肥配施化肥（25%∶75%）模式可有效提高夏玉米产量，增强冠层光温利用效率，促进夏玉米养分吸收以及籽粒转移效率，可以在豫北砂质潮土地区推广应用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the effects of different fermentation methods for organic fertilizers with chemical fertilizers on the yield, light temperature physiology and nutrient absorption and accumulation characteristics of summer maize, from June to October 2023, field experiments regarding the combined application of organic fertilizers with different fermentation methods and chemical fertilizers were conducted in Yuanyang County, Henan Province. Six treatments were established：no fertilization（CK）, single application of chemical fertilizer（T1）, natural compost + chemical fertilizer（T2）, water-regulated trough compost + chemical fertilizer（T3）, acid-regulated trough compost + chemical fertilizer（T4）, and trough compost + chemical fertilizer（T5）. The yield was determined at the maturation stage of summer maize, and the leaf SPAD value, canopy photosynthetically active radiation, and canopy temperature were measured at the trumpet stage, silking stage, and filling stage of summer maize, respectively. The transport, distribution, and dynamic changes of nutrient absorption and accumulation of plants were calculated and analyzed. Different fermentation methods of organic fertilizers with chemical fertilizers could improve summer maize yield, the highest treatment was T4, compared with T1, yield in T4 significantly increased by 15.71%, respectively. Compared with T2, T3, and T5, the average yield increment was 7.07%. Furthermore, T4 prominently improved the lighttemperature utilization performance of summer maize at each growth stage. The leaf SPAD value and canopy photosynthetically active radiation increased by an average of 2.39, 3.10, and 3.23 SPAD units and 10.65%, 7.94%, and 5.23%, respectively, compared with the other treatments, and the canopy temperature decreased by an average of 5.42%, 4.08%, and 6.54%. T4 significantly augmented the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the aboveground plants of summer maize, and increased the potassium transport amount, transport rate, and contribution rate to grains before flowering and the transport amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus after flowering, as well as the contribution rates of nitrogen and phosphorus to grains after flowering. The fitting results of the Logistic regression equation indicated that the total absorption amount and average absorption rate of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were optimal in T4, which increased by 42.09%, 40.76%, 33.01% and 0.45, 0.23, 0.75 kg · hm-2 · d-1 compared with the T1, respectively. The use of acidregulated tank compost with chemical fertilizer（25%∶75%）mode under the conditions of this experiment can effectively increase summer maize yield, enhance canopy light and temperature utilization efficiency, and promote summer maize nutrient uptake as well as seed transfer efficiency, which can be popularized and applied in sandy tidal soils in northern Henan. |
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