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| 有机物料等氮量还田对紫色土土壤质量的影响 |
| Effects of organic material return on quality of purple soil under equal nitrogen rate |
| 投稿时间：2024-01-09 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0017 |
| 中文关键词: 有机物料还田 团聚体 土壤酶活性 土壤质量指数 石灰性紫色土 |
| 英文关键词: organic material return aggregate soil enzyme activity soil quality index calcareous purple soil |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD1901402）；四川省科技计划项目（2023NSFSC0138）；现代农业玉米产业技术体系项目（CARS-02-04） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究不同有机物料还田对农田土壤质量的影响，本研究于2018—2019年在四川丘陵区石灰性紫色土上开展田间定点试验，设置了无物料还田（CK）以及等氮量的蚕豆秸秆还田（BS）、油菜秸秆还田（RS）及猪粪还田（PM）4个试验处理，探讨不同有机物料对土壤容重、孔隙度、养分含量、pH、土壤酶活性、团聚体组成及稳定性的影响，并通过计算土壤质量指数（SQI）对土壤质量进行了综合评价。结果表明，与CK相比，有机物料还田不仅能提高土壤养分含量、酶活性、土壤孔隙度，还能促进土壤团粒结构的形成及团聚体的稳定性，降低土壤容重及pH。不同土层间，物料还田对表层（0~20 cm）土壤的影响更显著。不同物料间，RS处理对土壤孔隙度和有效钾含量的提高以及容重的降低最为明显，BS处理显著提高≥2 mm团聚体的质量分数及团聚体平均质量直径、几何平均直径和平均质量比表面积，降低了0.5~1 mm粒级团聚体的质量分数，PM处理显著提升了土壤碱解氮和有效磷含量以及1~2 mm粒级团聚体的质量分数，并显著促进了土壤蔗糖酶及碱性磷酸酶活性的增高。3种有机物料处理均显著提高了SQI值，排列顺序为 PM>BS>RS>CK，PM、BS和 RS的 SQI较 CK分别提高了 2.70、2.20倍和 1.64倍。综合研究结果认为，猪粪还田对提高紫色土土壤质量的效果最优。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The objective of this study was to clarify the effects of organic materials return on the quality of farmland soil, so as to provide a scientific basis for the utilization of agricultural waste resources and the improvement of soil quality in hilly area of central Sichuan. Based on field site-point experiment conducted on the calcareous purple soil in Sichuan hilly area from 2018 to 2019, the effects of different organic materials, including broad bean straw returned（BS）, rape straw returned（RS）, pig manure composting returned（PM）and nonmaterial returned as control（CK）returned to the filed under equal nitrogen rates on soil bulk density, porosity, nutrient contents, pH, soil enzyme activity, aggregate composition and aggregate stability of summer maize field were examined, and the soil quality was fully evaluated by calculating the soil quality index（SQI）. The results showed that organic materials returned to the field could not only significantly improve the soil nutrient contents, enzyme activity and soil porosity, but also promote the formation and stability of aggregates, and effectively reduce soil bulk density and pH. The improving effects of organic materials returned to the field in tilled soil（0-20 cm） were greater than 20-40 cm soil. The effects of RS on soil porosity, available potassium and bulk density was greater than those of BS and PM. BS treatment significantly increased the proportion of ≥2 mm aggregates, mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter and mean weight-specific surface area of aggregates, but decreased proportion of 0.5-1 mm aggregates. The addition of PM maintained the significantly higher content of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and proportion of 1-2 mm aggregates, as well as the activities of soil sucrase and alkaline phosphatase. Furthermore, the value of SQI was significantly improved by all kinds of organic materials, and PM application showed the highest SQI, followed by BS, RS, and CK, the SQI of PM, BS, and RS increased by 370%, 320% and 264%, respectively, compared with CK. In conclusion, the addition of pig manure has the best effect on improving soil quality. |
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