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| 长期烟稻轮作对烟田土壤微生物多样性和群落结构的影响 |
| Effects of long-term tobacco-rice rotation on microbial diversity and community structure in tobacco field soil |
| 投稿时间：2025-02-05 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2025.0067 |
| 中文关键词: 植烟土壤 酶活性 土壤微生物 群落结构 烟稻轮作 连作障碍 |
| 英文关键词: tobacco field soil enzyme activity soil microorganism community structure tobacco-rice rotation continuous cropping obstacle |
| 基金项目:上海烟草集团科技攻关项目（2024310000140804） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究长期烟稻轮作下烟田障碍的主要成因和土壤中微生物的响应规律，本研究开展大田试验，在烟草成熟期分别对正常烟田（NT）和障碍烟田（OT）土壤进行取样，分析其土壤理化指标、酶活性、细菌和真菌群落。结果表明，OT处理显著降低土壤有效磷、速效钾、全氮、水溶性有机碳含量。氨基乙酰葡糖苷酶（NAG）及酸性磷酸酶（ACP）活性明显下降，降幅分别达 28.63% 和15.62%。基于高通量测序，在门水平上，OT 处理显著降低细菌放线菌门（Actinobacteriota）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、酸酐菌门（Acidobacteriota）及真菌子囊菌门（Ascomycota）的相对丰度；在属水平上，OT处理显著降低细菌硝球菌属（Nitrosococcus）的相对丰度，真菌的粗糙孔菌属（Trechispora）、毛壳菌属（Chaetomium）、暗色曲霉属（Acremonium）的相对丰度。网络分析结果显示，OT处理增加共线网络的总节点数、边数、网络平均度。随机森林分析确定了12种标志性差异微生物，其中真菌罗兹菌门（Rozellomycota）及细菌疣微菌门（Verrucomicrobiota）、热孢菌门（Thermoplasmatota）差异最为明显。相关性分析结果表明，放线菌门（Actinobacteriota）、蓝细菌门（Cyanobacteria）、担子菌门（Basidiomycota）、被孢霉门（Mortierellomycota）与土壤养分及酶活性呈显著相关，真菌的多样性指数与ACP活性呈显著正相关。研究表明，长期烟稻轮作下障碍烟田土壤养分含量及酶活性降低，细菌和真菌多样性降低，群落结构改变。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the primary causes of soil degradation in tobacco fields under long-term tobacco-rice rotation and the response patterns of soil microorganisms, a field experiment was conducted. Soil samples were collected from normal tobacco fields（NT）and degraded tobacco fields（OT）during the tobacco maturity stage. Soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and bacterial and fungal communities were analyzed. The results showed that OT treatment significantly reduced the content of available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, and water-soluble organic carbon in the soil. The activities of N-acetylglucosaminidase（NAG）and acid phosphatase（ACP）decreased markedly by 28.63% and 15.62%, respectively. High-throughput sequencing revealed that, at the phylum level, OT treatment significantly reduced the relative abundances of bacterial phyla Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteriota, as well as the fungal phylum Ascomycota. At the genus level, OT treatment notably decreased the relative abundances of the bacterial genus Nitrosococcus and the fungal genera Trechispora, Chaetomium, and Acremonium. Network analysis indicated that OT treatment increased the total number of nodes, edges, and average degree of the co-occurrence network. Random forest analysis identified 12 signature differential microorganisms, with Rozellomycota, Verrucomicrobiota, and Thermoplasmatota exhibiting the most pronounced differences. Correlation analysis demonstrated that Actinobacteriota, Cyanobacteria, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota were significantly correlated with soil nutrients and enzyme activities. Fungal diversity indices showed a significant positive correlation with ACP activity. In conclusion, long-term tobacco-rice rotation leads to reduced soil nutrient content and enzyme activity, decreases bacterial and fungal diversity, and alters microbial community structure in degraded tobacco fields. |
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