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| 宁夏农业有机废弃物空间分布特征和利用潜力 |
| Spatial distribution and utilization potential of agricultural organic waste in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region |
| 投稿时间：2024-09-24 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0758 |
| 中文关键词: 农业有机废弃物 资源化利用 秸秆利用 家畜粪便利用 空间分布 |
| 英文关键词: agricultural organic waste resource utilization straw utilization livestock manure utilization spatial distribution |
| 基金项目:宁夏重点研发计划项目（2021BEG02002，2022CMG02007）；宁夏回族自治区农业资源保护修复与利用项目（2130135）；中国农业科学院创新工程项目（2024-CAAS-CXGC-SRG） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 杨琰瑛 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191 | | | 刘润杰 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191 | | | 马建军 | 宁夏回族自治区农业环境保护监测站, 银川 750002 | | | 李虹 | 宁夏回族自治区农业环境保护监测站, 银川 750002 | | | 刘超 | 宁夏回族自治区畜牧工作站, 银川 750002 | | | 岳翔 | 宁夏回族自治区农业环境保护监测站, 银川 750002 | | | 张伟新 | 宁夏回族自治区畜牧工作站, 银川 750002 | | | 洪瑜 | 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 银川 750002 | | | 刘汝亮 | 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 银川 750002 | ruliang_liu@126.com | | 师荣光 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191 | winsomesky@163.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为摸清区域秸秆和家畜粪便的分布格局与特征，探讨综合利用的潜力和途径，本研究基于2021年宁夏县域尺度主要农作物（玉米、水稻、小麦、薯类）产量和主要家畜（牛、羊、猪）存栏量，测算区域主要农业有机废弃物的资源量，明确其空间分布特征，分析资源利用潜力并提出相应对策建议。结果表明：宁夏2021年主要秸秆可收集总量为327.83万 t，秸秆饲料化的理论载畜量达192.84万个牛单位或964.22万个羊单位，能源化理论上可折合标准煤214.22万 t或沼气8.76×108 m3，肥料化理论上可替代有机肥73.73万 t。家畜粪便总量为3 287.55万 t，肥料化理论上可替代有机肥1 218.03万 t，能源化理论上可折合标准煤202.60万 t或沼气1.22×109 m3。研究共识别出11个秸秆热点县、10个畜禽粪便热点县和3个秸秆粪便双热点县。宁夏作为我国重要的农牧交错区，建议大力推广种养结合，形成“秸秆/饲料-养殖-粪便/有机肥-种植”的循环农业模式，实现资源的最大化利用和环境的可持续发展。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The reuse of agricultural organic waste is an important way to improve the quality of the rural ecological environment and promote high-quality development of agriculture. The premise of rational utilization of agricultural organic waste is to clarify the distribution pattern and utilization potential of regional straw and livestock manure resource. Here, the resource capacity, spatial distribution and potential utilization of main crop straw（namely, corn, rice, wheat, and potato）and manure（namely, cattle, sheep, and pigs） at the county level in Ningxia in 2021 were determined. The results showed that the total amount of straw collected in Ningxia in 2021 was 3.278 million tons. It was theoretically equivalent to feed 1.928 million cattles or 9.642 million sheep, or 2.142 million tons of standard coals or 8.76×108 m3 of biogas, or 0.737 million tons of organic fertilizers. The total amount of livestock manure of Ningxia in 2021 was 32.875 million tons. It was equivalent to 2.026 million tons of standard coals or 1.22×109 m3 of biogas or 12.180 3 million tons of organic fertilizers. 11 straw hot spots and 10 livestock manure hot spots were identified in Ningxia. Pingluo County and Litong District had the highest utilization potential in straw and livestock manure, respectively. There were obvious differences in the distribution of straw and livestock manure in Ningxia. As an important farming-pastoral ecotone in China, Ningxia is recommended to vigorously promote the integration of planting and breeding, aiming to establish a circular agriculture model of“straw/feed-breeding-manure/organic fertilizer- cropping”, thereby achieving maximized resource utilization and sustainable environmental development. |
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