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| 江西省水稻秸秆资源分布与替代化肥潜力分析 |
| Analysis of rice straw resource distribution and potential for fertilizer substitution in Jiangxi Province |
| 投稿时间：2024-11-07 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0882 |
| 中文关键词: 水稻秸秆 养分资源量 秸秆还田 化肥替代 空间分布 江西省 |
| 英文关键词: rice stalk stalk nutrient resource stalk returning to farmland fertilizer replacement spatial distribution Jiangxi Province |
| 基金项目:江西省自然科学类长期创新领军人才项目（900/2120800004） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 本研究厘清了江西省水稻秸秆资源数量及其养分资源量，分析了稻秸秆还田替代化肥潜力，为全省水稻秸秆资源的合理利用、化肥减施、提高肥料利用率以及保障粮食安全提供科学依据。本研究通过调查并查阅统计年鉴，分析相关研究及文献资料，采用草谷比方法，对江西省2020—2022年水稻秸秆资源量和养分资源量进行了估算，并分析得出其替代化肥的潜力。结果表明：2020—2022年江西省水稻秸秆年均总量为2 075.47万t，呈中部高、南北低的特征，其中早稻秸秆635.71万t、中稻或一季晚稻秸秆533.97万t、晚稻秸秆905.79万t。水稻秸秆年均养分资源总量分别为22.39万（以N计）、7.89万（以P2O5计）、48.41万（t 以K2O计）。在全省水稻主要种植地区，秸秆全量还田下各县（市、区）各类水稻秸秆氮、磷养分归还量相差不大，钾养分归还量差距显著。水稻秸秆替代化肥潜力为9.47%~133.56%（以N计）、4.07%~52.25%（以P2O5计）和24.39%~437.16%（以K2O计）。不同地区秸秆替代化肥潜力不同，鄱阳湖平原、吉泰盆地和赣西地区替代潜力较高。综上所述，江西省水稻秸秆养分资源丰富，水稻秸秆全量还田可基本满足下一季作物钾肥需求，同时可部分替代农田氮肥和磷肥的施用。但县域间差异明显，故在统筹管理秸秆资源时，应因地制宜，推动农田化肥减施。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To find out the quantity of rice stalk resources and the amount of nutrient resources in Jiangxi Province, calculate the synthetic fertilizers substitute potential of rice stalk returning to farmland, and provide scientific basis for rational use of rice stalk resources, fertilizer reduction, improved fertilizer utilization and food security, through the investigation, reviewing statistical yearbooks, analyzing relevant research and literature, this study estimated the amount of rice stalk resources and nutrient resources, the potential of the synthetic fertilizers substitute in Jiangxi Province from 2020 to 2022. The results showed that the annual average amount of rice stalk resources reached 20.75 million tons in Jiangxi Province during the period from 2020 to 2022, showing a characteristic of higher in the central region and lower in the north and south, including 6.36 million tons of early rice stalk, 5.34 million tons of mid-season or single-cropped late rice stalk, and 9.06 million tons of late season rice straw. The annual average NPK nutrient resources in rice stalk reached 223 900 tons of N, 79 000 tons of P, and 484 100 tons of K, respectively. The difference in the amount of returning to farmland of N and P nutrients from various types of rice stalk with total returning in each county was not significant, while the return of potassium nutrients showed a significant difference in the main rice planting areas of Jiangxi Province. The N,P,K synthetic fertilizers substitute potential of rice stalk between counties ranged from 9.47% to 133.56%, 4.07% to 52.25%, and 24.39% to 437.16%, respectively. The synthetic fertilizers substitute potential of rice stalk varied in different regions, with higher substitution potential in the Poyang Lake Plain, Jitai Basin, and western Jiangxi. In summary, there are abundant rice stalk nutrient resources in Jiangxi Province. With total returning to farmland it can basically meet the K fertilizer demand for subsequent crops and partially substitute N and P fertilizers. However, there are obvious differences between counties, so when managing straw resources in an integrated manner, local conditions should be adapted to promote the reduction of fertilizer application on farmland. |
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