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| 复合微生物菌剂在制药菌渣堆肥过程中的保氮效果及机理 |
| Nitrogen retention effect and mechanism of composite microbial agents in the fermenting process of pharmaceutical residue |
| 投稿时间：2024-12-27 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.1048 |
| 中文关键词: 菌渣 堆肥 保氮 微生物菌剂 微生物群落 |
| 英文关键词: pharmaceutical residue composting nitrogen retention microbial agent microbial community |
| 基金项目:山东省绿色产业与环境安全创新创业共同体项目（2023-LSGTT-CX-003）；山东省自然科学基金青年项目（ZR2021QE109） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨复合微生物菌剂对制药菌渣堆肥过程中铵态氮（NH+4-N）、硝态氮（NO-3-N）和总氮（TN）等理化因子和微生物群落结构变化的影响，揭示其对氮素保留效果及作用机理的影响，本研究通过将 1‰（V/m）RW 菌剂（T1）、1‰MC菌剂（T2）、2‰MC菌剂（T3）分别添加到菌渣堆肥体系中，每3 d检测堆肥过程理化性质，并采用16S rRNA高通量测序技术对堆肥过程中微生物群落结构和功能进行深入分析。结果表明，T1、T2和 T3三组堆体最高温度分别为 61.8、68.9 ℃和 62.4 ℃，比对照组高 2.8~9.9 ℃，高温期持续时间较对照组延长了 3~7 d，种子发芽指数（GI）提高了 12.50~21.43个百分点；添加菌剂的堆肥产品较对照组总氮含量增加了9.38%~15.51%，其中硝态氮含量增加了35.44%~67.09%，添加1‰MC菌剂组的效果最好；添加菌剂的三组处理均提高了堆肥中期厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）的相对丰度。冗余分析结果表明，在堆肥过程中 norank_f__Bacillaceae、Bacillus和 Pseudogracilibacillus 这三种菌属的丰度与硝态氮和总氮的含量呈正相关，且与铵态氮的含量呈负相关，Cerasibacillus的丰度与铵态氮的含量呈正相关。网络分析结果表明，添加1‰MC菌剂能够提高网络的复杂性和紧密性，促进微生物之间的种间互作和功能协同；FAPROTAX功能预测结果显示，菌渣堆肥过程中有11种微生物功能类群参与氮循环，其中尿素分解（ureolysis）为主要功能类群，添加MC菌剂不仅能够提高尿素分解功能菌群的相对丰度，同时还能抑制硝酸盐反硝化和反硝化功能菌群的生长。研究表明，MC菌剂较RW菌剂能够更好地促进堆肥进程，提高氮素转化效率和产品肥效，并提升氮素保留效果，其中最佳添加量为1‰。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the changes of physicochemical factors such as ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen in the composting process of bacterial residue by microbial agents, and to reveal their effects on nitrogen retention effect and mechanism of action, in this study, three treatments were established in the bacterial residue composting system by adding 1‰（V/m）RW microbial agent（T1）, 1‰ MC microbial agent（T2）, and 2‰ MC microbial agent（T3）. Physicochemical properties of the composting process were monitored every 3 days, and the microbial community structure and function were comprehensively analyzed using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the highest temperatures of each treatment pile reached 61.8 ℃, 68.9 ℃, and 62.4 ℃, respectively, which were 2.8-9.9 ℃ higher than the control group, and the high-temperature period was extended 3-7 d compared with that in the control group. The germination index（GI）increased by 12.50-21.43 percentage points.The total nitrogen content of the compost products with the addition of bacterial inoculants increased by 9.38%-15.51% compared with the control group, with the nitrate nitrogen content increasing by 35.44%-67.09%. The group with 1‰ MC inoculants showed the best effect. All experimental groups increased the relative abundance of the Firmicutes in the middle of the compost pile.Redundancy analyses showed that the abundance of three genera, norank_f__Bacillaceae, Bacillus and Pseudogracilibacillus, was positively correlated with nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen, and negatively correlated with ammonium nitrogen during composting, and the abundance of Cerasibacillus was positively correlated with ammonium nitrogen. Network analyses showed that the addition of 1‰ MC microbial agent increased the complexity and tightness of the network and promoted cooperation and symbiosis among microorganisms. FAPROTAX functional prediction results showed that there were 11 microbial functional groups involved in the nitrogen cycle in the composting process, of which urea decomposition was the main functional group, and the addition of MC microbial agent not only increased the relative abundance of the urea decomposition functional group, but also inhibited the growth of the nitrate denitrification and denitrification functional groups. Research indicates that the MC inoculant promotes the composting process more effectively than the RW inoculant, enhancing nitrogen conversion efficiency, fertilizer efficacy, and nitrogen retention, with an optimal addition rate of 1‰. |
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