小麦秸秆与生物炭配比对石灰性潮土N<sub>2</sub>O气体排放的影响

吕金岭; 张燕; 纪朝凤; 骆晓声; 李太魁; 肖强; 董文旭

文章摘要

小麦秸秆与生物炭配比对石灰性潮土N₂O气体排放的影响

Influences of the combination of wheat straw to straw biochar on N₂O gas emissions from calcareous fluvo-aquic soil

投稿时间：2024-12-04

DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0949

中文关键词: 小麦秸秆生物炭配比 N₂O排放量石灰性潮土功能基因

英文关键词: wheat straw biochar ratio N₂O emission flux calcareous fluvo-aquic soil functional gene

基金项目:河南省自然科学基金面上项目（242300421366）；河南省农业科学院杰出青年基金项目（2023JQ04）；国家自然科学基金项目（41807098）

作者	单位
吕金岭	河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 郑州 450002 农业农村部原阳农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站, 河南新乡 453500 河南省农业生态环境重点实验室, 郑州 450002
张燕	河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450002
纪朝凤	郑州师范学院, 郑州 450044
骆晓声	河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 郑州 450002 农业农村部原阳农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站, 河南新乡 453500 河南省农业生态环境重点实验室, 郑州 450002
李太魁	河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 郑州 450002 农业农村部原阳农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站, 河南新乡 453500 河南省农业生态环境重点实验室, 郑州 450002
肖强	北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 北京 100097
董文旭	中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心, 石家庄 050022

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中文摘要:

为探明秸秆与秸秆生物炭配比对典型碱性土壤N₂O排放的影响，本研究以石灰性潮土为研究对象，设置CK（空白对照）、CK200（200 mg·kg^-1硫酸铵溶液，以 N 计，下同）、C（小麦秸秆生物炭+CK200）、S（小麦秸秆+CK200）以及三种组合方式（3/4SC、1/2SC和1/4SC）共计7个处理，开展室内培养试验。结果显示，小麦秸秆与秸秆生物炭配比显著促进了石灰性潮土N₂O气体排放，尤其3/4SC处理的N₂O累积排放量达到1 459 μg·kg^-1，是S处理的2.0倍；其次为1/2SC处理，N₂O累积排放量为909 μg·kg^-1，是S处理的1.2倍；再次为1/4SC处理，N₂O排放略高于S处理，但无显著差异（P>0.05）；而C处理的N₂O累积排放量显著低于S处理，仅是S处理的0.72倍。线性相关性结果显示，除CK处理外，氮添加处理的N₂O排放量与NO^-₂-N和NO^-₃-N含量存在显著的线性相关性（P<0.05），而与NH⁺₄-N含量无显著的线性相关性（P>0.05）；同时发现，相比S处理，1/2SC和C处理的AOA和nirS、nirK、nosZ功能基因的丰度显著降低（P<0.05），但 AOB 功能基因丰度无明显差异，说明生物炭对石灰性潮土硝化作用中氨氧化过程影响不大；1/2SC和C处理相比S处理拥有更低的反硝化功能基因nirS、nirK和nosZ拷贝数（P<0.05），说明秸秆生物炭添加抑制石灰性潮土反硝化功能微生物的丰度；同时1/2SC处理的（nirS+nirK）与nosZ的比值（6.6）高于S处理（5.3）和C处理（4.8），说明全量炭添加可以抑制石灰性潮土反硝化过程N₂O的产生，但两者配比可能加剧反硝化过程N₂O的产生。研究表明，小麦秸秆与秸秆生物炭配比在常规氮添加下并未抑制石灰性潮土N₂O气体排放，甚至加剧N₂O的排放，纯秸秆生物炭还田更有益于石灰性潮土N₂O的减排。

英文摘要:

To explore the effect of the ratio of straw to straw biochar on N₂O emissions from typical alkaline soil, a pot experiment was conducted using calcareous fluvo-aquic soil as the research object. Seven treatments were set up：CK（blank control）, CK200（200 mg·kg^-1 ammonium sulfate solution, by N content）, C（wheat straw biochar+CK200）, S（wheat straw+CK200）, and three combination treatments （3/4SC, 1/2SC, and 1/4SC）. The results showed that the ratio of wheat straw to wheat straw biochar significantly promoted N₂O emissions from calcareous fluvo-aquic soil. The cumulative N₂O emission of the 3/4SC treatment reached 1 459 μg·kg^-1, which was 2.0 times than that of the S treatment; the 1/2SC treatment followed, with a cumulative N₂O emission of 909 μg·kg^-1, which was 1.2 times than that of the S treatment; the 1/4SC treatment had a slightly higher N₂O emission than the S treatment, but there was no significant difference（P>0.05）; the cumulative N₂O emission of the C treatment was significantly lower than that of the S treatment, only 0.72 times than that of the S treatment. Linear correlation analysis showed that, except for the CK treatment, the N₂O emissions in the nitrogen addition treatments were significantly linearly correlated with the contents of NO^-₂-N, and NO^-₃-N（P<0.05）, but not with the content of NH⁺₄-N（P>0.05）. It was also found that compared with the S treatment, the abundances of AOA and nirS, nirK, and nosZ functional genes in the 1/2SC and C treatments were significantly reduced（P<0.05）, but there was no significant difference in the abundance of AOB functional genes, indicating that biochar had little effect on the ammonia oxidation process in the nitrification of calcareous fluvo-aquic soil. Since the copy numbers of denitrification functional genes nirS, nirK, and nosZ in the 1/2SC and C treatments were lower than those in the S treatment（P<0.05）, it indicated that the addition of straw biochar inhibited the abundance of denitrification functional microorganisms in calcareous fluvo-aquic soil. Meanwhile, the ratio of（nirS+ nirK）to nosZ in the 1 /2SC treatment（6.6）was higher than that in the S treatment（5.3）and the C treatment（4.8）, suggesting that the full addition of biochar could inhibit the production of N₂O in the denitrification process of calcareous fluvo-aquic soil, but the combination of straw and biochar might intensify the production of N₂O in the denitrification process. This study demonstrates that the ratio of wheat straw to carbonized straw biochar do not inhibit the production of N₂O gas in calcareous fluvo-aquic soil under conventional nitrogen addition, and even intensify N₂O emissions. Therefore, the return of pure straw biochar to the field is more beneficial for reducing N₂O emissions from calcareous fluvo-aquic soil.

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