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| 沼液部分替代化肥对玉米产量、品质及紫色土土壤性质的影响 |
| Effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with biogas slurry on maize yield，quality，and purple soil property |
| 投稿时间：2024-12-30 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.1056 |
| 中文关键词: 沼液 玉米 优化施肥 产量 土壤性质 |
| 英文关键词: biogas slurry maize optimized fertilization yield soil property |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2024YFD1700200，2022YFD1901405）；四川省农业科学院“1+9”揭榜挂帅科技攻关项目（1+9KJGG005） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨沼液部分替代化肥对川中丘陵区玉米产量和品质、土壤养分和重金属累积的影响，为沼液的资源化利用提供科学依据，本研究开展连续3年的田间小区试验，设置空白对照（T1）、农民常规施肥（T2）、优化施肥（T3）、沼液替代15%氮肥（T4）和沼液替代30%氮肥（T5）5个处理，在玉米收获时测定玉米产量和品质、土壤养分和重金属含量。结果表明：与施用纯化肥T2和T3处理相比，沼液部分替代化肥T4和T5处理玉米呈现增产优势。T4和T5处理较T2处理氮肥利用率分别显著提高28.56%和33.21%，较T3处理分别提高10.81%和14.83%。沼液部分替代化肥能增加土壤有机质和全氮含量，与T3处理相比，T4和T5有机质增幅分别为3.24%和5.67%，全氮增幅分别为3.52%和6.81%。与T3处理相比，T4与T5处理显著提高了土壤中锌的含量，平均增幅分别为7.48%和12.46%，土壤中重金属含量均低于农用地土壤污染风险管控标准。与T3相比，T4与T5处理籽粒的粗蛋白含量平均增加 2.06%和 5.90%，粗淀粉含量平均增加 0.74%和 2.08%。研究表明，沼液替代 30%化肥在川中丘陵区玉米生产应用上的综合效果较好，可在生产上推广。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with biogas slurry on maize yield and quality, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, soil nutrients, and heavy metal accumulation in the hilly region of central Sichuan, and provide scientific basis for the resource utilization of biogas slurry, a three-year field experiment was conducted with five treatments：blank control（T1）, farmer's conventional fertilization（T2）, optimized fertilization（T3）, biogas slurry substituting 15% nitrogen fertilizer（T4）, and biogas slurry substituting 30% nitrogen fertilizer（T5）. Maize yield and quality, soil nutrients, and heavy metal contents were measured at the time of maize harvest. The results showed that, compared with the pure chemical fertilizer treatments（T2 and T3）, T4 and T5 showed yield increase advantages in maize. Compared with T2 treatment, the nitrogen use efficiency of T4 and T5 treatment was significantly increased by 28.56% and 33.21%, respectively, and that of T3 treatment was increased by 10.81% and 14.83%, respectively.The partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with biogas slurry increased soil organic matter and total nitrogen content. Compared to T3, the increase in organic matter was 3.24% for T4 and 5.67% for T5, while the increase in total nitrogen was 3.52% for T4 and 6.81% for T5. T4 and T5 treatments significantly increased zinc content in the soil, with average increases of 7.48% and 12.46%, respectively. The heavy metal content in the soil was below the soil pollution risk control standard for agricultural land. Compared with T3, the crude protein content increased by an average of 2.06% and 5.90%, while the crude starch content increased by an average of 0.74% and 2.08% for T4 and T5, respectively. The substitution of 30% chemical fertilizers with biogas slurry in maize production in the hilly region of central Sichuan has a comprehensive positive effect and can be promoted in production. |
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