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| 生物质炭基复合肥施用对砂质水稻土NH3挥发和N2O排放的影响 |
| Effects of biochar-based compound fertilizer on NH3 volatilization and N2O emission in sandy paddy soil |
| 投稿时间：2024-12-10 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0983 |
| 中文关键词: 炭基肥 氨挥发 氧化亚氮 肥料农学效率 水稻 |
| 英文关键词: biochar-based fertilizer NH3 volatilization N2O emission fertilizer agronomic efficiency rice |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2024YFD1700300）；中挪国际合作项目三期（CHN-2152，22/0013） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 龚雪柳 | 南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所, 南京 210095 | | | 覃景嵩 | 南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所, 南京 210095 | | | 吴佳蓉 | 南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所, 南京 210095 | | | 赵近凯 | 南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所, 南京 210095 | | | 冯彦房 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014 | | | 卞荣军 | 南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所, 南京 210095 | brjun@njau.edu.cn | | 郑聚锋 | 南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所, 南京 210095 | | | 张旭辉 | 南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所, 南京 210095 | | | 李恋卿 | 南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所, 南京 210095 | | | 潘根兴 | 南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所, 南京 210095 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究稻壳炭基复合肥替代市售复合肥对砂质稻田土壤氨（NH3）挥发、氧化亚氮（N2O）排放及水稻产量和氮肥农学效率的影响及其影响因素，本研究采用土柱试验法，设置CK（不施肥）、商品复合肥A（N-P2O5-K2O=15-10-10）、商品复合肥B（N-P2O5-K2O=15-15-15）和炭基复合肥（N-P2O5-K2O=15-10-10，11%生物质炭）4个处理，通过连续气流法和静态暗箱法测定水稻主要施肥期土壤NH3挥发和N2O通量，分析等氮条件下炭基复合肥料施用对土壤NH3挥发、N2O排放和水稻产量的影响及其与关键环境因子之间的关系。结果表明，与复合肥A和复合肥B处理相比，炭基复合肥处理下土壤NH3挥发分别增加了55.72%和56.85%，而土壤N2O累积排放量分别降低了67.82%和58.03%。土壤NH3挥发与土壤pH值和脲酶活性呈显著相关（P<0.05），土壤N2O排放通量与土壤NH+4-N和NO-3-N含量、土柱表面水pH值和NH+4-N含量及产量均呈极显著相关（P<0.01）。研究表明，不同施肥条件下土壤pH值和脲酶活性是影响NH3挥发的重要因子，而N2O排放则受土壤NH+4-N和NO-3-N含量、土柱表面水pH值和NH+4-N含量的影响。炭基复合肥处理与常规复合肥处理对水稻产量和氮肥农学利用率的影响不显著。施用炭基复合肥替代常规市售复合肥料，在水稻稳产的同时显著降低土壤N2O排放，但增加了氨挥发排放的风险。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study investigated the effect of substituting commercial compound fertilizers with rice husk biochar-based compound fertilizers on ammonia（NH3）volatilization and nitrous oxide（N2O）emission in sandy paddy, as well as on rice yield and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers, to reduce the amounts of fertilizer application and emissions in rice production. This study conducted a soil column experiment throughout the key growth period of rice, with four treatments：CK（no fertilization）, compound fertilizer A（N-P2O5-K2O= 15-10-10）, and compound fertilizer B（N-P2O5-K2O=15-15-15）, and biochar-based compound fertilizer（N-P2O5-K2O=15-10-10, with 11% biochar）. Soil NH3 volatilization and N2O emissions throughout the key growth period of rice were determined using the continuous flow method and static chamber method. The effects of biochar-based compound fertilizer application on soil NH 3 volatilization, N2O emissions, and rice yield under equal nitrogen fertilization conditions, as well as its relationship with changes in key environmental factors were investigated. In comparison with the treatments applying compound fertilizers A and B, the application of biochar-based compound fertilizer resulted in a significant enhancement by 55.72% and 56.85% in NH3 volatilization from paddy soil. Conversely, it led to a substantial decrease in N2O emissions from the soil, achieving reductions of 67.82% and 58.03% relative to the compound fertilizers A and B, respectively. The soil NH3 volatilization was significantly correlated with soil pH and urease activity（P<0.05）, while soil N2O emission was highly significantly correlated with the content of soil NH+4-N and NO-3-N, the pH value of water on the soil column surface, and the soil NH+4-N content and yield（P<0.01）. This indicates that under different fertilization conditions, soil pH and urease activity are important factors driving NH3 volatilization, whereas N2O emissions are influenced by the content of soil NH+4-N and NO-3-N, the pH value and the NH+4-N concentration of surface water. Nevertheless, no substantial differences were observed in terms of rice yield and agronomic efficiency when comparing the application of biochar-based compound fertilizer with that of conventional compound fertilizer treatments. In rice cultivation, the application of biochar-based fertilizer as a substitute for conventional commercial compound fertilizers can achieve stable rice production while reducing soil N2O emissions but may also increase the risk of NH3 volatilization from paddy soil. |
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