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| 人类活动净氮输入的空间格局及其影响因素 |
| Spatial pattern of net anthropogenic nitrogen input and its influencing factors |
| 投稿时间：2025-02-24 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2025.0132 |
| 中文关键词: 人类活动净氮输入量（NANI） 空间分布格局 灰色关联分析 氮源结构 生态环境影响 |
| 英文关键词: net anthropogenic nitrogen input（NANI） spatial distribution pattern grey correlation analysis nitrogen source structure ecological environment impact |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年项目（42207528，22206146）；太原科技大学研究生教育创新项目（SY2023026） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 过量氮输入水体会导致富营养化、饮用水安全和生物多样性下降等问题。全面认识区域氮输入的空间格局及其影响因素对于水体的科学管理至关重要，但当前针对人类活动净氮输入（NANI）空间分布及其影响因素的评估解析仍较少，对社会经济活动的合理规划和区域水环境压力的缓解造成困难。本研究基于2020年全国 359个行政区的统计数据，明确了NANI的空间格局，并利用灰色关联度法、多元回归模型和主成分分析法分析了NANI的影响因素。这不仅解析了区域内人类活动氮输入来源与影响因素，还为可持续氮管理提供科学依据。结果表明：2020年我国 NANI总量为 81.16 Tg，折合单位面积输入强度为 9 825 kg·km-2，其中氮肥施用是最大输入项，占56.0%。中部及东部沿海区域的NANI值较高，而西北和华南部分沿海及经济欠发达区域较低。NANI与食品/饲料净氮输入的相关性最强（R2=0.969，P<0.01），与氮肥施用和大气氮沉降也有显著相关性。社会经济结构、自然条件和土地利用等因素与NANI的关联度较高。研究表明农业及人类活动对NANI的影响显著，中东部影响突出，西北、东北较弱。因此我国氮素管理应采取区域差异化措施：东部推广智能施肥以提高氮肥利用率，西北加强生态修复以减少氮流失。同时需完善监测体系，加强政策引导与跨部门协作，未来应聚焦长期监测及有机-无机氮协同调控研究，为氮素精准管理提供理论支撑。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Excessive nitrogen input into aquatic systems can lead to eutrophication, drinking water contamination, and biodiversity loss. A comprehensive understanding of the spatial patterns of regional nitrogen input and its driving factors is crucial for effective water resource management. However, current assessments of the spatial distribution and influencing factors of net anthropogenic nitrogen input（NANI） remain limited, hindering the rational planning of socio-economic activities and the mitigation of regional water environmental pressures. This study, based on statistical data from 359 administrative regions across China in 2020, clarified the spatial distribution of NANI and explored its influencing factors using grey relational analysis, multiple regression models, and principal component analysis. The findings revealed both the sources and drivers of anthropogenic nitrogen input across regions and offered a scientific basis for sustainable nitrogen management. In 2020, China's total NANI was 81.16 Tg, with an average input intensity of 9 825 kg·km-2. Nitrogen fertilizer application was the largest contributor, accounting for 56.0% of the total input. Higher NANI values were observed in central and eastern coastal regions, while lower values were found in parts of the northwest and some coastal areas of southern China as well as in economisally underdeveloped regions. NANI showed the strongest correlation with net nitrogen input from food/feed（R2=0.969, P<0.01）, and was also significantly associated with nitrogen fertilizer use and atmospheric deposition. Socioeconomic structure, natural conditions, and land use patterns were found to be highly related to NANI. The results indicated that agriculture and human activities were major contributors to NANI, with more pronounced impacts in central and eastern China and weaker effects in the northwest and northeast. Therefore, nitrogen management strategies should be region-specific：promoting precision fertilization technologies in the east to improve nitrogen use efficiency, and enhancing ecological restoration efforts in the northwest to reduce nitrogen losses. Strengthening monitoring systems, policy support, and cross-sector collaboration are also essential. Future research should focus on long-term monitoring and the coordinated regulation of organic and inorganic nitrogen to support precision nitrogen management. |
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