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| 秸秆促腐还田耦合氮肥类型对黄淮海地区鲜食玉米生长和氮素利用的影响 |
| Effects of straw promoting decomposition returning coupled with nitrogen fertilizer types on growth and nitrogen utilization of fresh maize in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain |
| 投稿时间：2024-10-27 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0848 |
| 中文关键词: 缓释氮肥，秸秆氨化，腐秆菌，氮素利用效率，土壤硝态氮 |
| 英文关键词: slow-released nitrogen fertilizer, straw ammonification, decomposing bacteria, nitrogen use efficiency, soil nitrate nitrogen |
| 基金项目:安徽省高校自然科学重点研究项目（2023AH051012） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究不同秸秆促腐还田与氮肥类型互作对鲜食玉米生长和氮素利用的影响，为黄淮海地区鲜食玉米的氮肥减量增效提供理论依据，本研究以鲜食玉米为研究对象，设计主裂区试验，主区为秸秆直接还田（DS）、秸秆氨化还田（AS）、添加腐秆菌还田（FS），副区为尿素（UF）、缓释肥（RF）、掺混肥（MF），探究秸秆促腐还田耦合氮肥类型对鲜食玉米干物质、叶绿素、产量、植株氮素积累和土壤硝态氮的影响。结果表明，在相同氮肥类型条件下，与DS处理相比，秸秆促腐还田（AS、FS）处理提高了叶绿素含量和干物质积累量，分别提高了7.4%、9.8%（AS）和7.4%、12.1%（FS）；降低了0~60 cm的土壤硝态氮含量，分别降低了22.6%和18.6%；提高了植株吸氮量和籽粒氮素占比，产量分别提高了4.7%和3.0%。在相同秸秆还田条件下，与UF处理相比，MF和RF处理提高了叶绿素含量和干物质积累量，分别提高了9.7%、14.0%（MF）和2.2%、9.2%（RF）；降低了40~60 cm的土壤硝态氮含量，分别降低了 26.2%和 30.1%；提高了植株吸氮量和籽粒氮素占比，产量和氮素利用率分别提高了 14.6%、8.4%（MF）和 9.3%、6.1%（RF）。在本试验条件下，综合考虑玉米的生长、植株氮素吸收和土壤氮素残留，推荐秸秆氨化还田耦合掺混肥为黄淮海地区鲜食玉米氮肥减量增效的施肥模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the interactive effects of straw decomposition-promoting returning and nitrogen fertilizer types on the growth and nitrogen utilization of fresh maize, providing theoretical support for reduced nitrogen fertilization and increasing its efficiency in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, we focused on fresh maize and conducted a split-plot design. The main plots included straw returning without treatment （DS）, straw ammoniation returning（AS）, and straw add decomposing bacteria returning（FS）; the subplots included urea（UF）, slow-released fertilizer（RF）, and mixed fertilizer（blending conventional and coated urea in 3∶7, MF）. The effects of different nitrogen fertilizer types on dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content, yield, plant nitrogen uptake, and soil nitrate nitrogen content of fresh corn were studied. The results showed that under the same type of nitrogen fertilizer, the AS and FS treatments increased chlorophyll content and dry matter accumulation by 7.4%, 9.8%（AS）, and 7.4%, 12.1%（FS）, respectively, but decreased the nitrate-nitrogen content in 0-60 cm soil by 22.6% and 18.6%, respectively, compared with DS treatment. The plant nitrogen uptake, nitrogen proportion of grain, and yield（4.7%and 3.0% higher）of the AS and FS treatments were all higher than DS treatment. Under the same straw-returning conditions, MF and RF treatments increased chlorophyll content and dry matter accumulation by 9.7%, 14.0%（MF）, and 2.2%, 9.2%（RF）, respectively, but also decreased the soil nitrate-nitrogen content in 40-60 cm soil by 26.2% and 30.1%, respectively, compared with UF treatment. In addition, the yield and nitrogen use efficiency was increased by 14.6%, 8.4%（MF）, 9.3%, and 6.1%（RF）, respectively, compared with UF treatment. Under the conditions of this study, considering the growth of maize, nitrogen utilization of maize, and nitrogen residue of soil, it is recommended that straw ammoniation and return coupling mixed fertilizer is the fresh maize planting pattern in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, which can reduce nitrogen fertilization and increasing its efficiency. |
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