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| 秸秆生物炭与炭基肥对冬小麦田氨挥发及小麦产量的影响 |
| Effects of straw biochar and carbon-based fertilizer on ammonia volatilization and wheat yield in winter wheat field |
| 投稿时间：2024-12-19 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.1020 |
| 中文关键词: 秸秆生物炭，炭基肥，氨排放通量，氨累积排放量，氨排放系数，小麦产量 |
| 英文关键词: straw biochar, carbon-based fertilizer, ammonia emission flux, cumulative ammonia emission, ammonia emission factor, wheat yield |
| 基金项目:河南省农业科学院自主创新项目（2025ZC102）；国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0800603）；河南省重大科技专项（221100110700） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 王小非 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 郑州 450002
河南省农业资源与环境重点实验室, 郑州 410105 | | | 寇长林 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 郑州 450002
河南省农业资源与环境重点实验室, 郑州 410105 | | | 李太魁 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 郑州 450002
河南省农业资源与环境重点实验室, 郑州 410105 | | | 骆晓声 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 郑州 450002
河南省农业资源与环境重点实验室, 郑州 410105 | | | 毛保民 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 郑州 450002 | | | 冀建华 | 河南省土壤肥料站, 郑州 450000 | 13838138453@163.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究秸秆生物炭与炭基肥对冬小麦田氨挥发特征及小麦产量的影响，为农业废弃物资源化利用与农田氨减排提供理论依据与科学指导，本研究于2018年10月至2021年6月，在华北平原潮土区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系下进行了连续3年的田间定位试验。试验设置4个处理：不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（CF）、单施化肥+秸秆生物炭（BF）和施炭基肥（BBF），测定分析了小麦季氨挥发速率及小麦产量。结果表明：基肥期各施肥处理的氨挥发速率均呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势，追肥期呈现逐渐降低趋势；连续 3年小麦季，BF和 BBF处理的年度氨累积排放量比 CF处理分别降低了 15.0%~27.3%和 25.9%~28.8%，BBF处理的平均年度氨累积排放量最低，分别比CF和BF处理降低了27.3%和8.2%；施秸秆生物炭与炭基肥均能有效降低小麦季年度氨排放系数与单位产量氨排放量，BBF处理氨排放系数和单位产量氨排放量最低，分别为2.11%~2.64%和1.06~1.51 g·kg-1；施秸秆生物炭与炭基肥均能提高小麦籽粒产量，与CF相比，BF与BBF处理分别增加了4.4%~8.4%和4.1%~13.2%，BBF处理增产效果最好，3年的平均小麦籽粒产量比CF处理增加了5.7%。本试验条件下，炭基肥的氨减排与增产效果最佳，可作为华北平原潮土区农业氨减排及小麦增产的新型施肥技术模式进行推广。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the effects of straw biochar and carbon-based fertilizer on ammonia volatilization characteristics and wheat yield in winter wheat field, and provide theoretical basis and scientific guidance for agricultural waste resource utilization and ammonia emission reduction in farmland, from October 2018 to June 2021, a field experiment was conducted, under the winter wheat-summer corn rotation system in the fluvo-aquic soil area of North China Plain for three consecutive years. Four treatments were set up：no fertilization （CK）, single chemical fertilizer（CF）, single chemical fertilize+straw biochar（BF）and carbon-based fertilizer（BBF）, for measuring and analyzing ammonia volatilization rate and wheat yield of wheat season. The results showed that the ammonia volatilization rate of each fertilization treatment showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing at the base fertilizer stage, and gradually decreased at the topdressing stage. In the wheat season for three consecutive years, the annual cumulative ammonia emission of BF and BBF treatments decreased by 15.0% - 27.3% and 25.9% - 28.8%, respectively compared with CF treatment. The average annual cumulative ammonia emission of BBF treatment was the lowest, which was 27.3% and 8.2% lower than that of CF and BF treatments, respectively. Straw biochar and carbon-based fertilizer could effectively reduce the ammonia emission coefficient and ammonia emission per unit yield of wheat season. The annual ammonia emission coefficient and ammonia emission per unit yield of BBF treatment were the lowest, which were 2.11%-2.64% and 1.06-1.51 g·kg-1, respectively. Both straw biochar and carbon-based fertilizer could improve wheat grain yield, compared with CF treatment, BF and BBF treatments increased by 4.4%-8.4% and 4.1%-13.2%, respectively. BBF treatment had the best yield-increasing effect, and the average yield of wheat in three years increased by 5.7% compared with CF treatment. Under the experimental conditions, the effect of carbon-based fertilizer on ammonia emission reduction and yield increase is the best, which can be popularized as a new fertilization technology model for agricultural ammonia emission reduction and wheat yield increase in the fluvo-aquic soil area of North China Plain. |
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