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| 长期施用有机酸和有机肥对新疆绿洲棉田土壤磷库的影响 |
| Effects of long-term application of organic acids and fertilizers on the soil phosphorus pool in cotton field of the arid oasis of Xinjiang，China |
| 投稿时间：2024-08-23 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0658 |
| 中文关键词: 棉田，有机酸，有机肥，磷素活化调控，磷组分 |
| 英文关键词: cotton field, organic acid, organic fertilizer, phosphorus activation regulation, phosphorus component |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金联合基金项目（U2003210）；国家重点研发项目子课题（2022YFD190010304） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨长期增施有机酸和有机肥对土壤稳定态磷库活化、磷肥利用效率及棉花高产的影响，本研究在水肥一体化棉花种植体系中，选用牛粪和乙酸，设置单施无机肥（NPK）、增施有机酸（NPKA）和增施有机肥（NPKM）3个处理，开展了 5年田间试验，测定不同处理下的棉花产量、土壤理化性质和磷组分。结果表明：增施有机酸和有机肥可逐年提高棉花产量，平均分别提高4.0%和 9.5%。NPKA 处理逐年显著降低土壤 pH 值 0.2~0.4 个单位，有效磷和水溶磷含量呈显著上升趋势，分别增加 3.8%~23.6% 和29.1%~66.8%；NPKM 处理逐年显著降低土壤 pH 值 0.2~0.5 个单位，分别显著提高土壤有效磷、水溶磷和有机质含量 14.1%~49.0%、75.6%~115.2%和23.5%~40.3%。NPKA处理显著提高Ca2-P（二钙磷）、Al-P（铝磷）、MROP（中稳性有机磷）和HROP（高稳性有机磷）比例，显著降低Ca10-P（十钙磷）比例；NPKM处理显著提高Ca2-P、Ca8-P（八钙磷）、Al-P、LOP（活性有机磷）、MLOP（中活性有机磷）、MROP和HROP比例，显著降低Ca10-P比例。土壤pH与Ca2-P、Al-P和LOP呈显著负相关，与Ca10-P和HROP呈显著正相关；有机质与Ca10-P、HROP呈显著负相关，与Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P和LOP呈显著正相关，这表明有机质有效活化了土壤稳定态磷库。研究表明，在新疆绿洲棉田长期增施有机酸和有机肥能活化土壤稳定态磷库，提高磷肥利用率实现作物高产。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study investigates the effects of long-term application of organic acids and organic fertilizers on the activation of the soil stable phosphorus pool, phosphorus utilization efficiency, and high cotton yield. We selected a five-year field experiment using an integrated water and fertilizer cotton planting system. The experiment included treatments of inorganic fertilizer（NPK）, organic acid application（NPKA）, and organic fertilizer application（NPKM） using cow manure and acetic acid. By measuring cotton yield, soil physicochemical properties, and phosphorus components under different treatments, we analyzed the impact of organic acids and organic fertilizers on phosphorus effectiveness. The results showed that continuous application of organic acids and organic fertilizers for five years increased cotton yield by an average of 4.0% and 9.5%, respectively. Compared with the NPK treatment, the NPKA treatment significantly reduced soil pH by 0.2 to 0.4 unit, while significantly increasing soil available phosphorus and water-soluble phosphorus by 3.8% to 23.6% and 29.1% to 66.8%, respectively. The NPKM treatment significantly lowered soil pH by 0.2 to 0.5 unit and significantly increased soil available phosphorus, water-soluble phosphorus, and organic matter content by 14.1% to 49.0%, 75.6% to 115.2%, and 23.5% to 40.3%, respectively. In terms of soil inorganic phosphorus, the NPKA treatment significantly increased the ratio of Ca2-P（dicalcium phosphate） and Al-P（aluminum phosphate） while significantly decreasing the ratio of Ca10-P（dicalcium phosphate）. The NPKM treatment significantly increased the ratios of Ca2-P, Ca8-P（octacalcium phosphate）, and Al-P while significantly decreasing the ratio of Ca10-P. Regarding soil organic phosphorus, the NPKA treatment showed an increasing trend in LOP（labile organic phosphorus）and MLOP （moderately labile organic phosphorus）, significantly increasing MROP（moderately stable organic phosphorus）and HROP（highly stable organic phosphorus）. The NPKM treatment significantly increased LOP, MLOP, MROP, and HROP. Correlation analysis indicated that soil pH was significantly negatively correlated with Ca2-P, Al-P, and LOP, and significantly positively correlated with Ca10-P and HROP. Organic matter was significantly negatively correlated with Ca10-P and HROP, and significantly positively correlated with Ca2-P, Ca8-P, Al-P, and LOP, indicating that organic matter effectively activated the soil stable phosphorus pool. In summary, the long-term application of organic acids and organic fertilizers in the arid region of Xinjiang can activate the soil stable phosphorus pool, improve phosphorus utilization efficiency, and achieve high crop yields. |
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