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| 中稻单作模式下江汉平原潮土性水稻土结构功能年际变化趋势模拟研究 |
| Simulation study on interannual changes in structural and functional characteristics of tidal paddy soil in the Jianghan Plain under the monoculture mode of medium rice |
| 投稿时间：2024-08-25 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0663 |
| 中文关键词: 团聚体，连续水耕，结构功能，模拟试验，潮土性水稻土 |
| 英文关键词: aggregate, continuous hydroponics, structural function, simulation test, tidal paddy soil |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（42107370）；长江大学大学生创新创业项目（Yz2022202） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 农业耕作是影响土壤通气透水、保肥供肥等结构功能的重要措施，本研究旨在揭示长期中稻单作模式下耕层土壤结构变化趋势及其影响因素，为优化耕层构型、促进耕层质量提升和耕地资源合理利用提供参考依据。本研究通过连续耕作的田间原位试验，模拟江汉平原潮土性水稻土中稻单作（水耕-空闲）模式下，土壤结构功能指标的年际变化规律。结果表明：长期水耕会导致土壤容重逐年增大、土壤板结。随着水耕年限延长，土壤容重较第 1年增幅分别为 3.6%（3年）、5.8%（6年）、6.9%（10年）；土壤总孔隙度呈降低趋势，较第1年分别降低了3.8%（3年）、5.9%（6年）、7.2%（10年）。随着水耕年限增加，粉粒和黏粒含量先增后减，砂粒含量则表现出相反的变化特征，与第1年比较，土壤砂粒含量有所增加，而黏粒含量则有所降低。土壤团聚程度和持水能力随耕作年限延长呈逐渐降低趋势，其中田间持水量较第 1年降幅分别为 9.6%（3年）、11.1%（6年）、15.8%（10年）。连续水耕情况下土壤结构功能在第3、第6年和第10年有明显退化表征，说明长期机械水耕对土壤结构有明显破坏作用，水耕3~4年后宜水旱交替耕作（水旱轮作），缓解长期水耕造成的土壤物理退化问题。研究表明，长期水耕导致土壤耕层结构功能退化严重，研究结果为江汉平原适宜耕作模式/种植制度选择、促进区域耕地资源可持续利用提供参数支持和理论依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Agricultural cultivation is an important measure that affects the structural functions of soil such as aeration, permeability, and nutrient retention and supply. This article aims to reveal the trend and influencing factors of soil structure changes in the plow layer under long-term monoculture mode of medium rice, and provide reference for optimizing plow layer configuration, promoting plow layer quality improvement, and rational utilization of arable land resources. By conducting field in-situ experiments with continuous cultivation, the interannual variation patterns of soil structure and functional indicators were simulated under the rice monoculture（water tillage-idle） mode in the tidal paddy soil of the Jianghan Plain. Long term hydroponics could lead to an increase in soil bulk density year by year and soil compaction. With the extension of water tillage years, the increase in soil bulk density compared with the first year was 3.6%（3 years）, 5.8%（6 years）, and 6.9%（10 years）, respectively. The total porosity of the soil showed a decreasing trend, decreasing by 3.8%（3 years）,5.9%（6 years）, and 7.2%（10 years）respectively compared with the first year. As the years of water cultivation increase, the content of silt and clay particles first increased and then decreased, while the content of sand particles showed the opposite trend. Compared with the first year, the content of soil sand particles had increased, while the content of clay particles had decreased. The degree of soil aggregation and water holding capacity gradually decreased with the extension of cultivation years, with a decrease of 9.6%（3 years）, 11.1%（6 years）, and 15.8%（10 years）in field water holding capacity compared with the first year, respectively. Under continuous hydroponic conditions, there was a significant degradation of soil structure and function in the 3rd, 6th, and 10th years, indicating that long-term mechanical hydroponics had a significant destructive effect on soil structure. After 3-4 years of hydroponics, it was advisable to alternate between water and drought cultivation（water drought rotation）to alleviate the physical degradation of soil caused by long-term hydroponics. Long term water cultivation leads to severe degradation of soil tillage structure and function. The research results provide parameter support and theoretical basis for the selection of suitable tillage modes/planting systems in the Jianghan Plain, and promote the sustainable utilization of regional arable land resources. |
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