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| 生物炭作为好氧堆肥添加剂的研究进展 |
| Research progress on biochar as an additive for organic waste composting |
| 投稿时间：2024-11-05 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0877 |
| 中文关键词: 堆肥过程，气体排放，微生物，污染物，土壤健康，作物生产 |
| 英文关键词: composting process, gas emission, microorganism, pollutant, soil health, crop production |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（32101843）；四川省国际科技创新合作项目（2023YFH0039）；自然资源部退化及未利用土地整治工程重点实验室开放基金项目（SXDJ2024-18）；中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目（ASTIP-CAAS，34-IUA-04） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 胡一 | 自然资源部退化及未利用土地整治工程重点实验室, 西安 710021
西安交通大学人居环境与建筑工程学院, 西安 710075
陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司, 西安 710021 | | | 周建伟 | 成都大学机械工程学院, 成都 610106
中国农业科学院都市农业研究所, 成都 610213 | | | 李娟 | 自然资源部退化及未利用土地整治工程重点实验室, 西安 710021
陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司, 西安 710021 | | | 戚智勇 | 中国农业科学院都市农业研究所, 成都 610213 | | | 刘爽 | 中国农业科学院都市农业研究所, 成都 610213 | liushuang@caas.cn | | 杨睿 | 中国农业科学院都市农业研究所, 成都 610213 | yangrui01@caas.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 堆肥和热化学转化均是实现有机废弃物资源化利用的有效途径。生物炭是热化学转化产生的富碳材料，具有独特的理化性状。近年来，将生物炭用作堆肥添加剂成为了一个热点研究领域。众多学者讨论了生物炭对堆肥过程的影响和调控机理以及生物炭共堆肥用作土壤调理剂的潜力。本文旨在评估生物炭用作堆肥添加剂的效果，明确当前研究的不足，提出未来的研究方向。现有研究表明，生物炭作为堆肥添加剂可以改善堆肥物料的理化性状，增强微生物活性，促进有机质降解和腐殖化，减少温室气体和其他气体污染物排放，钝化重金属，降低有机污染物残留。改性生物炭的效果优于未改性生物炭。未来仍需要在微观层面深入解析生物炭的特定理化性质（例如粒径、孔隙结构等）对堆肥过程的调控机制。生物炭共堆肥用作土壤改良材料可以提高土壤质量，但是其对作物产量和品质的影响取决于作物种类和生物炭的施用量。将生物炭共堆肥、生物炭、堆肥以及生物炭+堆肥的效果进行比较的研究仍然极为有限，并且现有研究多为短期研究，生物炭共堆肥对土壤健康和作物生产的中长期影响也需要进一步评估。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Composting and thermochemical conversion are effective ways to revalorize organic waste. Biochar is a carbon-rich material produced by thermochemical conversion with unique physicochemical properties. In recent years, the use of biochar as an additive for composting has become a hot research topic. Numerous scholars have discussed the effects of biochar on the composting process and the underlying mechanisms as well as the potential of co-composted biochar as soil amendment. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of biochar as an additive for composting, to clarify the shortcomings of the current studies, and to propose future research directions. Current studies have shown that biochar as an additive for composting could improve the physicochemical properties of compost, enhance microbial activity, promote organic matter degradation and humification, reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and other gaseous pollutants, passivate heavy metals, and reduce the residual of organic pollutants. The performance of modified biochar is superior to pristine biochar. In the future, it is still necessary to analyze how the specific physicochemical properties of biochar（e.g., particle size, pore structure, etc.）regulate the composting process at the micro-level. Co-composted biochar as soil amendment could improve soil health, but its effects on crop yield and quality are contingent on crop species and biochar rate. A direct comparison of co-composted biochar with biochar, compost, and biochar and compost co-application is still scarce. In addition, current studies are mostly short-term, therefore, the medium-term and long-term effects of co-composted biochar on soil health and crop production need to be further evaluated. |
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