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| 土壤氮、锌和镉处理及其互作对两小麦品种产量性状及安全品质的影响 |
| Effects of soil nitrogen，zinc，and cadmium treatments and their interactions on yield traits and the safe quality of two wheat cultivars |
| 投稿时间：2023-12-27 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2023.0836 |
| 中文关键词: 小麦，镉污染，氮肥，施锌，产量，安全品质 |
| 英文关键词: wheat, cadmium pollution, nitrogen fertilizer, zinc application, yield, safe quality |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（31671618，31101101）；江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目 |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 田超 | 江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 扬州大学农学院, 江苏 扬州 225009 | | | 何富豪 | 江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 扬州大学农学院, 江苏 扬州 225009 | | | 户少武 | 江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 扬州大学农学院, 江苏 扬州 225009 | | | 罗景升 | 农业农村部耕地质量监测与评价重点实验室, 扬州大学环境科学与工程学院, 江苏 扬州 225127 | | | 李通 | 农业农村部耕地质量监测与评价重点实验室, 扬州大学环境科学与工程学院, 江苏 扬州 225127 | | | 景立权 | 江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 扬州大学农学院, 江苏 扬州 225009 | | | 黄建晔 | 江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 扬州大学农学院, 江苏 扬州 225009 | | | 杨连新 | 江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 扬州大学农学院, 江苏 扬州 225009 | lxyang@yzu.edu.cn | | 王云霞 | 农业农村部耕地质量监测与评价重点实验室, 扬州大学环境科学与工程学院, 江苏 扬州 225127 | yxwang@yzu.edu.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了明确土壤氮、锌、镉处理及其互作对不同小麦品种产量及其安全品质的影响，本研究在盆栽条件下，以掺和了泥炭的土壤为培育基质，以扬麦 25和扬麦 33为试验材料，主区氮处理设高氮（0.40 g·kg-1）和低氮（0.27 g·kg-1），裂区设对照、锌处理（75mg·kg-1）、镉污染（5 mg·kg-1）和锌（75 mg·kg-1）+镉（5 mg·kg-1）处理，测定小麦生长和产量性状、植株不同部位氮、锌、镉含量，并计算锌、镉累积量与转运系数。结果表明：低氮处理使小麦主要生长和产量构成因子显著下降，导致产量减少20.5%；低氮处理小麦的籽粒、叶和茎氮含量平均降低8.7%~20.4%，籽粒锌、镉含量及转运系数（茎叶向籽粒）均显著下降（6.7%~12.0%），但颖壳和穗轴锌、镉含量多呈增加趋势。土施锌肥使小麦穗数显著增加，进而使产量平均增加10.3%；施锌使小麦各部位锌含量均大幅上升，使籽粒镉含量及转运系数均显著下降（9.6%~19.8%），而其他部位镉含量不变或增加；土壤镉处理使小麦各部位镉含量大幅上升，但小麦生长和产量性状以及各部位锌含量和锌转运系数多无显著变化。多数情形下，氮、锌和镉处理及其互作对小麦镉含量的影响存在明显的品种和部位依赖，扬麦 33较扬麦 25更为敏感。研究表明，中等强度镉污染对小麦产量无显著影响，但使小麦不同部位镉含量大幅上升；减施氮肥和增施锌肥均能显著降低小麦食用部位的镉含量，而饲用部位镉含量呈相反趋势。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of soil nitrogen fertilizer application, zinc and cadmium treatment, and their interactions on the yield and safe quality of different wheat cultivars. Yangmai 25 and Yangmai 33 were grown in soil mixed with peat. The main plots contained high（0.40 g·kg-1）and low（0.27 g·kg-1）nitrogen fertilizer application levels. The split plots contained the control, zinc treatment with a soil zinc application of 75 mg·kg-1, cadmium treatment with a soil cadmium addition of 5 mg·kg-1, and a combination treatment with zinc（75 mg · kg-1）and cadmium（5 mg · kg-1）. The growth and yield traits of wheat, the contents of nitrogen, zinc, and cadmium in different parts of the plant, and the accumulation and transport coefficients of zinc and cadmium were determined. The results showed that the low nitrogen treatment significantly decreased the main growth and yield traits of wheat, resulting in a yield reduction of 20.5% as well as a decrease in the nitrogen content in wheat grains, leaves, and stems by 8.7%-20.4%. Zinc and cadmium contents in grain and the transport coefficient（from stem and leaf to grain）were significantly decreased（6.7%-12.0%）, but the zinc and cadmium contents in the glume and rachis showed an increasing trend. Application of zinc fertilizer significantly increased the wheat spike number and increased the yield by 10.3% on average. Zinc application significantly increased the zinc content in each part of the wheat, the cadmium content and transport coefficient of the grain decreased significantly（9.6%-19.8%）, while the cadmium content in other parts showed no significant changes. Soil cadmium addition significantly increased the cadmium content in each part of the wheat, but there was no significant change in wheat growth and yield traits, the zinc content in each part, and the zinc transport coefficient. In most cases, the effects of nitrogen, zinc and cadmium treatments and their interactions on cadmium content in wheat significantly varied between cultivars or plant organs, with Yangmai 33 being more sensitive to the treatments than Yangmai 25. The results showed that moderate cadmium pollution had no significant effect on wheat yield, but significantly increased the cadmium content in different parts of the wheat. Reducing nitrogen fertilizer application and/or increasing zinc fertilizer application could significantly reduce the cadmium content in the edible parts of wheat, while the cadmium content in the feed parts showed the opposite trend. |
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